Objective To compare the relative reactivities of different alkyl halides with two different reagents; sodium iodide in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol. Below the reaction equations 1. RX+NAIRI+NAX (X=Cl or Br) in the presence of acetone 2. RX+AgNO3+EtOHROEt+AgX+HNO3 We used three substrates primary secondary and tertiary compounds are 1-bromobutane‚ 2-bromobutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane respectively to react with the two nucleophiles that are sodium iodide with acetone solvent and
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protein in binding to the resin. Fractions of 2mL were collected and the purity was assessed by 10% SDS-PAGE. 3.5 Determination of the Concentration of the DNA Polymerase SK72 The amount of protein was measured using the commercialized Bradford reagent as described by Bradford (1976). A standard curve was plotted in a range 100-1000ug/mL in a Bradford-compatible buffer using bovine serum albumin as substrate (Appendix A). 1mL of the dye solution was added to 20uL of the protein sample‚ mixed and
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Results and Discussion: Synthesis: Reaction scheme of chemicals used. Table 1. Reagents used in procedure. Reagents Used Amount Used Butyl cyanoacetate (project #131) 2.12 g Aldehyde‚ 3‚5-Dichlorobenzaldehyde 2.66 g Piperidine 2 pipette drops Isopropanol (2-propanol) ~1.0 mL (filtration) Highlights & Observations: The 3‚5-Dichlorobenzaldehyde (2.12g) and Butyl cyanoacetate (2.66g) reagents were mixed into a tared vial with cap. A couple drops of piperidine were then added to the vial
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS CLASS-XII EXPERIMENT No. 1 AIM – (a) To prepare 100ml of M/20 solution of oxalic acid. (b)Using this calculate the molarity and strength of the given KMnO4 solution. APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS REQUIRED- Oxalic acid‚ weighing bottle‚ weight box‚ volumetric flask‚ funnel‚ distilled water‚ chemical balance‚ beakers‚ conical flask‚ funnel‚ burette‚ pipette‚ clamp stand‚ tile‚ dilute H2SO4‚ KMnO4 solution. THEORY- (a) Oxalic
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A. INTRODUCTION Biochemistry is the chemistry of biological systems. The practical component of biochemistry is aimed at developing your interest in and understanding modern biochemical and molecular biological experimentation. The techniques learnt in the biochemistry lab will be applicable to all life sciences. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY INCLUDE: (1) Learning the theory behind the techniques and biochemical pathways (2) Learning the physical skills and techniques of
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C7H14O/1 mL C7H14O) x (1 mol C7H14O/114.19 g C7H14O) = 0.191 mol C7H14O 0.191 mol C7H14O x (1 mol C7H12/1 mol C7H14O) = 0.191 mol C7H12 C7H14O is the Limiting Reagent -The acids are not counted as reagents in this reaction and serve only as catalyst. Theoretical Yield = mol of limiting reagent x M.W. = 0.191 mol x 96.17 C7H12 = 18.39 g C7H12 Actual Yield: 10.27 g C7H12 Percent Yield: (Actual/Theoretical) x 100% = (10.27/18
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adding strong acids or bases to buffer solutions especially that of the body. Part A determines the effect of common ions to the extent to ionization wherein certain reagents were mixed with water in one test tube and a solution with a common ion in another. Part B determines which solutions exhibit buffer effect wherein certain reagents were mixed and is tested with a pH meter. Part C determines the effect of common ion on the solubility of slightly soluble salts wherein benzoic acid is dissolved in
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analysis data. 2. Principle The content of acetic acid in vinegar will be determined by acid – base titration with the standard solution of sodium hydroxide with approximate concentration c(NaOH) = 1 mol/L. This is prepared using the primary standard reagent potassium hydrogen phthalate. The time for one titration is about 10 minutes. 2.1. Acid – base titration An acid – base titration is a procedure used in quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of either an acid or a base. Titration
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Aldol Condensation Discussion: 1. Aldol condensation reactions take place in basic conditions‚ where a deprotonated enol becomes an enolate and proceeds to attack the aldehyde. Since the solution is basic‚ it is able to deprotonate the alpha carbons of the product‚ which forces the hydroxide groups to leave. The product is then considered to be dehydrated and unsaturated. In terms of our reaction‚ cyclopentatone is deprotonated to form an enolate‚ which then attacks the two molecules of p-tolualdehyde
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tubing to glucose‚ starch‚ and iodine. Initially‚ glucose and starch were placed into the bag‚ and iodine outside of the bag in the beaker. We used the iodine test for the presence of starch which proved positive inside of the bag‚ and Benedict’s reagent for glucose which was positive outside of the bag. We therefore concluded that only small molecules like glucose and iodine can permeate through the bag‚ starch is too large. Introduction This lab has several key objectives. First‚ to learn about
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