William son Eth er Synth esis Introduction In this reaction‚ an alcohol is deprotonated to form a good nucleophile‚ which then attacks the electrophile methyl iodide to form an ether. Tetrabutylammonium bromide‚ a phase transfer catalyst‚ is used to carry ions back and forth between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. OH O NaOH + NaI + H2O CH3I Before coming to lab‚ please review the following techniques: "Reluxing a reaction‚" "Extraction and washing‚" "Drying an Organic Solvent‚" "Evaporating
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Lab report 5 21-3-2013 Adsorption Chromatography Introduction: The technique of adsorption chromatography may be illustrated by a description of how two dyes are separated when a solution of the dyes is passed through a column of powdered silica contained in a vertical glass tube‚ it’s a method used to separate solids or liquids. At the first the two dyes are adsorbed at the top of the column‚ giving this region a nearly dark blue color. However‚ when the flow of solution is discontinued
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Column and Thin Layer Chromatography Beverly Abstract: Plant pigments were separated and concentrated from a crude spinach extract through the use of column chromatography and an eluatropic series of hexanes‚ hexane/acetone‚ and methanol. The pigments were analyzed using thin layer chromatography with a 30% ethyl acetate/hexane developing solvent. Introduction: Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture of two or more components based on
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to separate mixtures into their compounds. It’s based on a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The mobile phase moves up the thin layer paper by taking the compounds with it‚ till it’s absorbed and stops moving. [1] The paper chromatography (silca gel) is a very uniform absorbent paper. Different components travel at different rates. Depending on the affinity each component has‚ it will move faster or slower up the TLC. To visualize the location of the different spots‚ an ultraviolet lam is necessary
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pigments with UV-vis spectroscopy and TLC. 2. Results and discussion Isolation of beta carotene and chlorophylls by column chromatography Upon the loading of S1 (the extract of the plant leaves in hexane)‚ a yellow band appeared at the top part of the silica column immediately after the solvent level descended to just above the sand layer. This yellow band later developed to about 2 centimetres long‚ and moved downwards almost as quickly as the eluent (hexane). This band was possibly beta carotene‚ as
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Function 16 October 2014 Gel Filtration and Electrophoresis Objective The essential goal of the experiment was to separate proteins in a solution based on size in different fractions. The relative protein content for each one fraction was found through the utilization of an amido black-based protein assay. Later in the trial polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was utilized to separate BSA from hemoglobin. Methods I. Gel Filtration and Protein Assay: 1. A slurry of Bio-Gel P-100 beads in water was
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LISMA RUHILA BT ALIAS Group: AS201 5A Experiment: GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF EXTRACTED DNA 0.5% AGAROSE GEL Group partners: 1) HALIMATUN SAADIAH BT MOHD BUSTAMAM 2) NUR FARHANA BT AHMAD SOPIAN 3) FATIN NUR ASYIQIN BT ABD TALIB 4) UMMU AFIQAH BT HASSAN 5) NABIHAH BT MD NAWAWI Date of experiment: 8th October 2012 Date of submission: 15th October 2012 TITLE: GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF EXTRACTED DNA 0.5% AGAROSE GEL DATE: 8th OCTOBER 2012 OBJECTIVE * To study measure
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In gel electrophoresis‚ DNA fragments move through a porous matrix made of agarose‚ a gelatin-like substance purified from seaweed. The agarose is melted like Jell-O® and then poured into a plastic tray to harden into a slab called a gel. A plastic comb inserted at one end while the gel is hardening forms wells where DNA samples can be placed. The DNA is mixed with a loading buffer that contains glycerol—this makes it heavier than water‚ so it will sink to the bottom of the well. The gel is then
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Objective: The objective of the lab is to separate the caffeine samples we are using‚ using thin layer chromatography. The solvent we are using for the separation is 3:1 mixture of Chloroform and Acetone. Principle: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is an important technique that is useful for separating organic compounds. TLC is often used to monitor the progress of organic reactions and to check the purity of products. Separations in Thin layer chromatography involve distributing a mixture of
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Problem How can you tell pigment separation by using Chromatography? Objective To prepare a chromatogram‚ separate pigments in a leaf and interpret the chromatogram. Hypothesis If I am to put a chromatography paper into a solvent‚ then it would separate the pigments depending on their Rf value. I think the pigments will separate in this order: Chlorophyll A‚ Chlorophyll B‚ Carotene‚ and Xanthophyll. Introduction Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy
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