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nursing research
Nurse Researcher

Demystifying nursing research terminology. Part 1
Cite this article as: Welford C, Murphy K, Casey D (2011) Demystifying nursing research terminology. Part 1.
Nurse Researcher. 18, 4, 38-43.
Received February 12 2010; accepted October 29 2010
Correspondence to Claire Welford
Email: claire.welford@ nuigalway.ie Claire Welford RGN, Dip NS,
BNS Hons, MSc, PGC TLHE is
HRB nursing research fellow

Abstract
Aim This article aims to provide clear explanations of the research approaches available for nursing research.

Dympna Casey RGH, BA, MA,
PhD is senior lecturer

Background There are numerous research approaches available to the nurse researcher. There is also some ambiguity in the literature in relation to research terminology and this often leads to confusion about which approach to adopt.

All at the School of Nursing and
Midwifery, National University of
Ireland, Galway, Ireland

Data sources A review of the available and most up-to-date literature.

Kathy Murphy RGN, BA(Hons,
RNT, DipNurs, MSc, PhD is head of school

Discussion The most commonly adopted approaches in nursing research are described and discussed.

Introduction
There are many research paradigms, methodologies and strategies available to nurse researchers. As research evolves, more and more approaches are being added to this mixed bag of options. One of the first requirements when planning research is to establish which paradigm and subsequently which methodology or strategy can best answer the research question. This can be a daunting task for novice researchers because there are many conflicting definitions of approaches published and terminology is often used interchangeably. The aim of these articles is to present an overview and explanations of the approaches most commonly used in nursing and healthcare research. They also aim to remove some of the confusion and ambiguity that the novice researcher might face when



References: Allen D, Benner P, Diekelmann NL (1986) Three paradigms for nursing research: Campbell DT, Rosso MJ (1999) Social Experimentation Creswell JW (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Crotty M (1998) The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research Forde-Gilboe M, Campbell J, Berman H (1995) Stories and numbers: coexistence without Gaventa J, Cornwall A (2008) Power and knowledge Gergen KJ (1985) The social constructionist movement in modern psychology Gillis A, Jackson W (2002) Research For Nurses: Methods and Interpretation Guba EG, Lincoln YS (1994) Competing paradigms in qualitative research Hesse M (1980) Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science Horsfall JM (1995) Madness in our methods: nursing research, scientific epistemology. Johnson RB, Onwuegbuzie AJ (2004) Mixed methods research: a research paradigm whose Lincoln YS, Guba EG (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry © RCN Publishing / NURSE RESEARCHER Mertens DM (2003) Mixed methods Mill JE, Allen MN, Morrow RA (2001) Critical theory: critical methodology to disciplinary Morse JM, Field PA (1995) Nursing Research: The Application of Qualitative Approaches. Murphy JP (1990) Pragmatism: From Peirce to Davidson Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods Pearson A (1990) Nursing: From Whence to Where? Deakin University Press, Victoria, Rabinow P, Sullivan WM (1987) The Interpretive Turn: A Second Look Reason P, Bradbury H (Eds) (2008) Handbook of Action Research: Participative Inquiry and Schumacher KL, Gortner SR (1992) (Mis) conceptions and reconceptions about Suppe F, Jacox AK (1985) Philosophy of science and the development of nursing theory. Thorne SE, Kirkham SR, Henderson A (1999) Ideological implications of paradigm discourse. Weaver K, Olson JK (2006) Understanding paradigms used for nursing research Young PK (2008) An examination of five approaches to nursing education research.

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