nucleus or other organelles‚ it does have cell membrane. Bacteria and Archea are single celled prokaryotes. Slide #3 shows a white blood cell which produce variation of antibodies to kill off pathogens‚ DNA is spread out in the white blood cell. Protein synthesis in the
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Review 1: The Chemistry and Molecules of Life Please note that this is a general outline of some of the topics we will have discussed and are detailed in chapters 2-5 of your textbook. While this gives you an idea of some of the terms/phrases you are responsible for‚ not all the material we covered is included. You are responsible for everything discussed in class‚ but NOT for material in the book that was not addressed in lecture. Please do NOT assume that if you know the concepts/answers to the
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contents of each organelle separate from the rest of this cell. The membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that may have channels in order to allow the transport of specific molecules which are needed somewhere else in the cell. An example of this is proteins produced by the ribosomes are then moved to the Golgi apparatus in which they are processed and then sent to the correct part of the cell. | Fig 1 – Diagram of a nucleusSource: http://cdn.nursingcrib.com | The nucleus is a large organelle surrounded
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cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. * Cytoplasm can be divided into: cytosol and organelles * Cytosol: the thick‚ semifluid intracellular fluid is termed the cytosol. The cytosol contains many dissolved proteins and enzymes‚ nutrients‚ ions‚ and other small molecules‚ which all participate in various phases of metabolism. * Organelles: Highly organized structures with characteristic shapes that are specialized for specific cellular activities
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primary structure‚ secondary structure‚ tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins‚ and describe the types of bonding (hydrogen‚ ionic‚ disulfide and hydrophobic interactions) which hold the molecule in shape. (g) Analyse the molecular structure of a dimeric enzyme with a quaternary structure e.g. viral/HIV protease‚ as an example of a globular protein‚ and of collagen as an example of a fibrous protein‚ and relate these structures to their functions. (h) Explain the mode of action of enzymes
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assisted by an enzyme called primase (Weaver‚ 2005). Primase is a short strand of RNA that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis. DNA polymerase III also can only synthesize a new DNA strand in 5’ to 3’ direction. Helicase Is a molecular motor protein that opens up or unzips a strand of DNA‚ creating the replication fork. This now allows the replication process to take place. DNA polymerase I Its function during replication is to remove any RNA primer left in the lagging strand and replace the
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ribosomal DNA and proteins Found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic ells. Processes protein synthesis-process in which proteins are made of amino acids. For protein synthesis you need a ribosome and messenger RNA. Ribosome takes code out and pairs it with amino acid. Composed of 2 different subunits (small and large) The 2 units combine when they get to the messenger RNA Free ribosomes (in or on endoplasmic retulum) and bound ribosome’s (float in cytoplasm. Free ribosome’s make proteins that are used
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One – 1. Proteins - Proteins are chains of amino acids. In general‚ proteins may be structural proteins used to build tissues‚ they may be enzymes that mediate chemical reactions‚ or they may be hormones. Examples of proteins would be channel proteins in cell membranes‚ collagen protein in the skin‚ actin and myosin in the muscles‚ and hemoglobin in red blood cells. Types of dietary sources would be‚ meat‚ milk‚ (both of which are not pure proteins‚ but are good sources of protein)‚ eggs‚ grains
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code for proteins that will be expressed on the surface of the immune system cells. Peptides which are protein fragments outside the cells will allow these proteins to be attached to them‚ if these proteins are recognised by the immune system as foreign (such as viral and bacterial) the MHC will send a signal to the immune system to trigger an immune response against the invading bacteria or virus. The HLA class I and class II proteins play a role in the adaptive immune system. These proteins will present
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The endoplasmic reticulum of a cell’s main use is to make‚ package and distribute certain types of proteins. There are two distinct types of ER which are smooth and rough. Smooth ER works to create and store lipids while the rough ER works to package proteins. Endoplasmic Reticulum is like the gas tank of a car because it helps to store and distribute gasoline to the engine of the car. The Golgi Apparatus can be compared to
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