Classes of Organic Molecules The Molecules of Life -the critically important large molecules of all living things fall into 4 main classes: 1) _____________________ 2) _____________________ 3) _____________________ 4) _____________________ -macromolecules are ____________________‚ built from _____________________ -________________: a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical ______________ blocks linked by __________________ bonds -___________________: smaller molecules that serve as
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source of energy 2. Living processes consist of thousands of chem reactions that must be precisely regulated & integrated 3. Certain fundamental reactions pathways are found in all organisms 4. All orgs use same types of molecules: carbs‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids 5. Instructions for growth‚ development‚ and reproduction are encoded in each organisms nucleic acids Have to know how cells are regulated and where this info is coming from Why/how energy is made or used up – always tracking
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The CELL The CELL Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Cork cells - the first person to see and name CELLS cces2013 (1665) 2 The CELL Robert Brown (1773-1858) - Discovered and named the nucleus (1833) cces2013 3 The CELL Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881) studied plant tissues and concluded that all plants are aggregates of individual cells which are fully independent (1838) cces2013 4 The CELL Theodore Schwann (1810-1882) studied animal tissues and concluded that all
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fluid. 2. Proteins scattered throughout - Embedded or on the surface - Can move around laterally 3. Phospholipid from bilayer‚ make up most of membrane 4. Glycolipids have carbohydrate chains attached. 5. Hydrophilic heads point out/into the cell 6. Hydrophobic tails point out towards each other Proteins 1. Glycoproteins: have carb chains attached protein -For cell recognition (Recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens) - Recognize cells as self 2. Peripheral Proteins: associated
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water Proteins‚ cholesterol‚ fatty acids Cholesterol‚ fatty acids‚ glycolipids Proteins‚ phospholipids‚ cholesterol Water‚ proteins‚ fatty acids What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? Head group Tail group Both are nonpolar Neither are nonpolar 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. a. –OH group b. –CH3 group c. –CH4 group d. –OOH group e. None of the above 5. This type of membrane protein will extend
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which are the basis for the formation of proteins. Explanation In the presence of peptides‚ copper (II) ion forms a violet-colored coordination complexes in an alkaline solution. This test can be used to asses the concentration of protein because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the peptide. According to Beer-Lambert Law‚ the intensity of the color and hence the absorption at 540 nm is directly proportional to the protein concentation. Procedures • Mix 1ml of egg
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enzyme. Enzymes are able to denature proteins‚ meaning that a protein loses its original shape by uncoiling‚ giving it a random‚ unstructured shape. The pineapple plant contains bromelain which‚ because of its unique characteristics‚ keeps gelatin from thickening into the solid‚ commonly consumed food. That bromelain contains two enzymes that have the capability to digest proteins (proteases). Gelatin receives its structure from collagen (an important protein that provides structure within bromelain)
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The first article reviewed is ‘Post exercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids’ by Kevin D. Tipton et al‚ published in the ‘American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism’ in 1999. The study conducted examined the effects orally administered amino acids post resistance exercise has on protein synthesis and metabolism. The reason this study was conducted was to determine if taking amino acids orally‚ which is easily done‚ is just as effective
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Unit 1: Biochemistry Review Chemical Bonding Three types of bonds Ionic bond: 2 oppositely charged atoms (Na and Cl) Polar covalent: Unequally shared electrons (H and O) Non polar covalent: Equally shared electrons (C and C) or similar electronegativity Electronegativity and chemical bonding Electronegativity is a measure of the strength in which an atom can attract electrons. A difference of < 0. 5 is non polar covalent bond A difference of 0.5 – 1.7 is polar covalent bond A difference of > 1
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categories of organic compounds Ruddy Severino There are four major compounds that compose the human body. It is impossible that anything living on earth today can live out these organic compounds. Those compounds are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleotides. Each compound has a major important function that is essential to the human body as well as other living organisms on earth. Carbohydrates serve as the main source of energy. Carbohydrates contain carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen
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