thrive in their respective environments‚ because of the function of DNA. Inside every living cell‚ DNA directs vital activities‚ such as growth‚ division‚ movement‚ respiration‚ and even death‚ by providing the instructions that cells use to build proteins. DNA gives rise to the physical and behavioral adaptations that make organisms unique. And yet‚ the chemical language in which DNA’s instructions are written is extremely simple. It consists of just four letters‚ which correspond to the four functional
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different kinds of biological macromolecules and their monomers. Describe the structure and functions of: Amino acids Simple sugars Nucleotides Summarize the different forms and functions of complex carbohydrates. Describe the possible levels of protein structure. Summarize the fundamental property of all lipids. Illustrate the structure of triglycerides and phospholipids. Advanced Key Concepts After the biomolecules lectures‚ students should be able to: Predict what type of bond would be
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Background Organic compounds are‚ by definition‚ any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates‚ polysaccharides‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic information from one cell to the other. The purpose of this lab is to
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of the absence of certain posttranslational modifications in recombinant protein in comparison of native Cbes-AXE2. A similar change in the optimum temperature has also been seen in the recombinant version of CelA of C. bescii‚ lacking glycosylation in comparison of native
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PROTIEN Question (1): Define and distinguish primary structure‚ secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. Protein Structures: Primary structure Primary structure of protein is its unique sequence of amino acids forming its polypeptide chain. The primary structure of a protein is starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C). Secondary structure Most proteins have segments of their polypeptide chain repeatedly coiled of folded in patterns. These coiled & folded
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Characteristics of a signal/change: - Perturbation from steady state - Reproducible - Managed - Controlled Stimulus Steroid hormones are lipophilic and can therefore diffuse across plasma membranes; they form signaling complexes with proteins A signal binds a surface receptor ( induction of conformational change in the intracellular domain of the receptor ( transduction and amplification of the signal via downstream partners either linear or via network Upon induction cells can
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composed of a phospholipid‚ proteins and carbohydrates. The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophilic ends facing out and the hydrophobic ends facing the inside of bilayer. Membranes can contain phospholipids with different fatty acids which affects the strength and flexibility of the membrane. There are two different proteins in cell membranes. One is a protein that spans from one side of the membrane to the other‚ known as an integral protein. Integral proteins are usually involved
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MOLECULES! REPORT ! ! ! INTRODUCTION ! In this experiment‚ we will learn about biological important molecules by performing tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ and nucleic acids. Also‚ we will use biochemical tests to identify the unknown compound that react in the following biochemical tests: Benedict’s test‚ Iodine test‚ Sudan IV test‚ Biuret’s Test and the Grease-Spot test‚ also explain the
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cell/ movement within cell. Microfilaments‚ microtubules‚ intermediate filaments Ribosomes (non membrane bound) Protein synthesis‚ catalyzes RNA reactions Nucleus (membrane bound) nuclear envelope‚ nuclear pores‚ nucleolus‚ DNA/ proteins organized into chromosomes/ chromatin Endoplasmic Reticulum (membrane bound) Tubular membranes and cisternae‚ Rough= works with ribosomes on protein synthesis‚ Smooth=
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SDS-PAGE is to separate peptide chains in a protein sample according to molecular weight by sieving them through a gel matrix under the influence of an electric current. The setup for an SDS-PAGE experiment is shown in Figure 1.0 [pic] Figure 1.0- An illustration of a simple SDS-PAGE setup Based on the figure above it can be observed that big proteins (high MW) travel a shorter distance than that of smaller proteins (low MW). This is because bigger proteins have a difficult time in traversing through
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