The CELL The CELL Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Cork cells - the first person to see and name CELLS cces2013 (1665) 2 The CELL Robert Brown (1773-1858) - Discovered and named the nucleus (1833) cces2013 3 The CELL Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881) studied plant tissues and concluded that all plants are aggregates of individual cells which are fully independent (1838) cces2013 4 The CELL Theodore Schwann (1810-1882) studied animal tissues and concluded that all
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fluid. 2. Proteins scattered throughout - Embedded or on the surface - Can move around laterally 3. Phospholipid from bilayer‚ make up most of membrane 4. Glycolipids have carbohydrate chains attached. 5. Hydrophilic heads point out/into the cell 6. Hydrophobic tails point out towards each other Proteins 1. Glycoproteins: have carb chains attached protein -For cell recognition (Recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens) - Recognize cells as self 2. Peripheral Proteins: associated
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water Proteins‚ cholesterol‚ fatty acids Cholesterol‚ fatty acids‚ glycolipids Proteins‚ phospholipids‚ cholesterol Water‚ proteins‚ fatty acids What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? Head group Tail group Both are nonpolar Neither are nonpolar 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. a. –OH group b. –CH3 group c. –CH4 group d. –OOH group e. None of the above 5. This type of membrane protein will extend
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which are the basis for the formation of proteins. Explanation In the presence of peptides‚ copper (II) ion forms a violet-colored coordination complexes in an alkaline solution. This test can be used to asses the concentration of protein because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the peptide. According to Beer-Lambert Law‚ the intensity of the color and hence the absorption at 540 nm is directly proportional to the protein concentation. Procedures • Mix 1ml of egg
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enzyme. Enzymes are able to denature proteins‚ meaning that a protein loses its original shape by uncoiling‚ giving it a random‚ unstructured shape. The pineapple plant contains bromelain which‚ because of its unique characteristics‚ keeps gelatin from thickening into the solid‚ commonly consumed food. That bromelain contains two enzymes that have the capability to digest proteins (proteases). Gelatin receives its structure from collagen (an important protein that provides structure within bromelain)
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The first article reviewed is ‘Post exercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids’ by Kevin D. Tipton et al‚ published in the ‘American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism’ in 1999. The study conducted examined the effects orally administered amino acids post resistance exercise has on protein synthesis and metabolism. The reason this study was conducted was to determine if taking amino acids orally‚ which is easily done‚ is just as effective
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Unit 1: Biochemistry Review Chemical Bonding Three types of bonds Ionic bond: 2 oppositely charged atoms (Na and Cl) Polar covalent: Unequally shared electrons (H and O) Non polar covalent: Equally shared electrons (C and C) or similar electronegativity Electronegativity and chemical bonding Electronegativity is a measure of the strength in which an atom can attract electrons. A difference of < 0. 5 is non polar covalent bond A difference of 0.5 – 1.7 is polar covalent bond A difference of > 1
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categories of organic compounds Ruddy Severino There are four major compounds that compose the human body. It is impossible that anything living on earth today can live out these organic compounds. Those compounds are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleotides. Each compound has a major important function that is essential to the human body as well as other living organisms on earth. Carbohydrates serve as the main source of energy. Carbohydrates contain carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen
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ethylene production through changes in ACS gene expression levels and the stability/activity of the enzyme. ACS proteins can be divided into 3 groups (type-1‚ 2 & 3) based on their C-terminal domain and the presence of phosphorylation sites. Type-1 and -2 ACS isoforms contain phosphorylation sites for kinases‚ but type-3 lacks of the phosphorylation sites.
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Structure and Characteristics of Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Carbohydrates Carbs Monosaccharide- simple sugars; simple carbs C6H12O6 3 types Glucose Energy source for all cells 1 of the 2 sugars in every disaccharide Makes up polysaccharides Mild‚ sweet flavor 6-sided ring Fructose Intensely sweet; naturally found in fruits‚ honey 5-sided ring Galactose No sweet flavor 6-sided ring Position of the hydroxyl group differs from glucose Disaccharides- pairs of monosacchs; simple carbs
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