Pathogen-activated Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 6 phosphorylates type-1 ACS (ACS2 & ACS6), which lead to increased accumulation of these ACS isoforms and, hence, increased ethylene production 20. A Casein Kinase 1 phosphorylates type-2 ACS5, resulting in the degradation of ACS5 protein 11. Our previous studies also suggested that phosphorylation is likely involved in ACS stabilization. We demonstrated that 14-3-3 is a novel regulatory element in ethylene biosynthesis21. 14-3-3 proteins are evolutionally well-conserved proteins that interact specifically with phosphorylated proteins to regulate their localization, stability, or activity21,23. 14-3-3 proteins interact with all three types of ACS and, surprisingly, with ETO1/EOL as well, and as results, control the protein turnover of both ACS and
Pathogen-activated Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 6 phosphorylates type-1 ACS (ACS2 & ACS6), which lead to increased accumulation of these ACS isoforms and, hence, increased ethylene production 20. A Casein Kinase 1 phosphorylates type-2 ACS5, resulting in the degradation of ACS5 protein 11. Our previous studies also suggested that phosphorylation is likely involved in ACS stabilization. We demonstrated that 14-3-3 is a novel regulatory element in ethylene biosynthesis21. 14-3-3 proteins are evolutionally well-conserved proteins that interact specifically with phosphorylated proteins to regulate their localization, stability, or activity21,23. 14-3-3 proteins interact with all three types of ACS and, surprisingly, with ETO1/EOL as well, and as results, control the protein turnover of both ACS and