THE THREE METHODS OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION Throughout history‚ there have been three primary mechanisms for allocating resources. • In a traditional economy‚ resources are allocated according to the long-lived practices of the past. Tradition was the dominant method of resource allocation for most of human history and remains strong in many tribal societies and small villages in parts of Africa‚ South America‚ Asia‚ and the Pacific. Typically‚ traditional methods of production are handed down
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NO. 4 • AUGUST 2002 A Review of IPO Activity‚ Pricing‚ and Allocations JAY R. RITTER and IVO WELCH* ABSTRACT We review the theory and evidence on IPO activity: why firms go public‚ why they reward first-day investors with considerable underpricing‚ and how IPOs perform in the long run. Our perspective is threefold: First‚ we believe that many IPO phenomena are not stationary. Second‚ we believe research into share allocation issues is the most promising area of research in IPOs at the moment
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3 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Learning Objectives 1. Explain the features of cost-volumeprofit (CVP) analysis 2. Determine the breakeven point and output level needed to achieve a target operating income 3. Understand how income taxes affect CVP analysis 4. Explain how managers use CVP analysis in decision making 5. Explain how sensitivity analysis helps managers cope with uncertainty 6. Use CVP analysis to plan variable and fixed costs 7. Apply CVP analysis to a company producing multiple
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Essay. Net Present value is the difference between an investment’s market value and its cost. For an example‚ you invest 100 dollars (Cost) into a lemonade stand but you receive 50 dollars (Market Value) of cash inflow. Another would be you buy a house for 50‚000(Cost) But you sell it for 75‚000(Market Value). Your net present value An Investment should be accepted if the net present value is positive and it should be rejected if the net present value is negative. Net present value uses the
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Resource Allocation under Monopoly The existence of monopoly will lead to a misallocation of resources from the perspective of the economy as a whole. Assume a monopolist with a horizontal MC = AC curve. The monopolist’s P and Q would be at A‚ while the perfectly competitive P and Q would be at B. The monopoly restricts Q from QC back to Q* with a price of P*. Thus‚ this good is under-produced‚ compared to the perfectly competitive market‚ while other goods are over-produced due to resources (inputs)
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INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL SUBJECT: FINANCIAL & COST ACCOUNTING Total Marks: 80 N.B.: 1)Allquestionsarecompulsory 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q1) ABC Ltd. Produces room coolers. The company is considering whether it should continue to manufacture air circulating fans itself or purchase them from outside. Its annual requirement is 25000 units. An outsider vendor is prepared to supply fans for Rs 285 each. In addition‚ ABC Ltd will have to incur costs of Rs 1.50 per unit for freight and Rs 10‚000
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Structure Setting and Adjustment | Definition | A pay structure is a collection of pay rates or pay ranges.Structure setting and adjustment is the process of developing‚ adjusting‚ and maintaining a pay structure. | Purpose | Pay structures are used to help organizations: * maintain pay levels that are competitive with the external labor market‚ * maintain internal pay relationships among jobs‚ * recognize and reward differences in level of responsibility‚ skill‚ and performance‚ and
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Allocation of scarce Medical Resources Prepared By: Noura B. Younes Supervised By: Dr. Khalid Al Ali Course : BIOM550: Medical Lab. Laws & Ethics L01 Abstract Allocation of scarce medical resources and access to medical care are major bioethical concerns in today’s society. Allocation refers to the distribution of available health –care resources. Access refers to whether people who should have health care are able to receive that care. Winners in the arena of access to health care are
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Allocation of Artificial and Transplantable Organs Everyday many Americans and others across the world are in need of artificial organs‚ which is are man-made devices that are implanted into a person to replace their own natural organ and to perform the same functions as that natural organ would. The ability of this to succeed has been one of the biggest achievements in medicine and still continues to save the lives of people everywhere. However‚ this subject also brings up a lot of controversy
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TYPES OF COSTS Introduction :-Production is the result of services rendered by various factors of production.The producer or firm has to make payments for this factor services. From the point of view of the factor inputs it is called ‘factor income’ while for the firm it is ‘factor payment’‚ or cost of inputs.Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurredin the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expensesincurred on the production
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