Vocabulary Chapter 4 1. adhesive junctions- tissues that link together cells 2. basal body- An eukaryotic cell organelle that consists of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; could be the organization of a microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; its structure is completely identical to that of a centriole 3. capsule- surrounding the cell walls of some bacteria is a sticky layer that protects the cell surface and sometimes helps in gluing cells to surfaces 4. cell junctions- A
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motility and also as a sensory reception. Both secondary cilia (motile) and flagella contain quite similar internal structures; while primary cilia (nonmotile) - found more commonly than secondary in common cells‚ have a deficiency of two singlet microtubules that together account for the cell’s lack of movement (Adams 2010). Mutation of cilia with such characteristics may lead to ciliary dysfunction‚ including polycystic kidney disease‚ which result due to the lack of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2
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The Cell Cycle Mitosis: the process by which cells reproduce themselves‚ resulting in daughter cells that contain the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Cell Division Occurs in a series of stages of phases Interphase occurs before mitosis begins Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start‚ but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister
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PCP/Angel Dust (Phencyclidine) Classification: hallucinogenic MW: 243.394 g/mol pKa: 8.29 Chemical Formula: C_17 H_25 N IUPAC name: 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine Description Phencyclidine also known as PCP‚ is a hallucinogenic which is normally used as an veterinary anesthetic. PCP is similar to another hallucinogenic drug‚ Ketamine‚ based on their structure and effects on the person. PCP causes a dissociative state by inhibiting NMDA receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate). [1‚2‚3]PCP
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the nuclear envelope is broken up into pieces centrosomes‚ made in interphase‚ reposition to the poles of the cell. In the centromere of each chromatid is a point called the kinetochore. Then the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochore making the chromosomes move. The spindle microtubules shift the chromosomes to the center of the cell. Metaphase is the second part of mitosis. During metaphase the formation of the mitotic spindles is complete making the cells transition to the polar state
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French embryologist Paul Wintrebert in 1931. The cytoskeleton is a complex of insoluble components of the cytoplasm playing critical roles in cell motility‚ shape generation‚ and mechanical properties of a cell. Fibrillar polymer filaments‚ microtubules‚ and intermediate filaments are major constituents of the cytoskeleton‚ which constantly change their organization during cellular activities. The actin cytoskeleton is especially polymorphic‚ as actin filaments can form multiple higher order assemblies
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The cell is one of the most basic units of life. There are millions of different types of cells. There are cells that are organisms onto themselves‚ such as microscopic amoeba and bacteria cells. And there are cells that only function when part of a larger organism‚ such as the cells that make up your body. The cell is the smallest unit of life in our bodies. In the body‚ there are brain cells‚ skin cells‚ liver cells‚ stomach cells‚ and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions
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Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. The DNA is similar in every cell of the body‚ but depending on the specific cell type‚ some genes may be turned on or off - that’s why a liver cell is different from a muscle cell‚ and a muscle cell is different from a
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fragments and spindle microtubules form between the centrosomes. Homologous chromosomes pair to make two sister chromatids. This is called synapsis. Chromatids of homologous pairs exchange segments when they cross over. At metaphase l‚ the pairs line up on the metaphase plate. Microtubules from one pole attach to the kinetochore of one homologous chromosome‚ while microtubules from the other pole attach to the kinetochore of the other pair. During anaphase l the microtubules get shorter pulling
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CHAPTER 12- THE CELL CYCLE I. Concept 12.1- Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells A. Overview 1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle‚ the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. B. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material 1) A cell’s endowment of DNA‚ its genetic
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