Journal Article Assignment Cell Bio Bites Topic: Melanophores and Microtubule Monorails – Insights into Rapid Colour Change in Fish and Amphibians Define the key terms (scientific words) in your own words. (notes or textbook can be used as sources) Melanophores – pigmented cells that contain melanin which are black/brown and are found particularly in fish‚ amphibians and reptiles. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone – a hormone which controls skin pigmentation in teleost fish. Flatfish – a fish
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of their surroundings. This phenomenon is done by melanophores‚ containing a pigment cell called melanin‚ being travelled along microtubules in their cells (Levi‚ Serpinskaya‚ Gratton‚ & Gelfand‚ 2006‚ p. 318). A microtubule‚ which is made of proteins located in cytoskeleton‚ is one of three filaments that is long‚ hollow stiff tube and responsible for intracellular transport. This transport system is driven by kinesin and dynein in microtubules and myosin in actin filaments‚ which are called motor
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Title: Investigation in microtubule dynamic instability Introduction Microtubules are important for maintaining cell structure‚ intracellular transport‚ formation of mitotic spindle‚ as well as other cellular processes. Investigation of dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly allow us to understand the malfunction of mitotic spindle formation or other cellular processes. This experiment is divided into two parts; we are going to find out the critical parameters for achieving greatest average
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surroundings. Amphibians‚ fish‚ and reptiles make up a large component of these animals‚ with the chromatophore organelle present within their cells that allows them to rapidly change colour. One of the few classifications of this organelle‚ are melanophores‚ which are what regulate pigmentation in the zebrafish‚ a model organism used in many research experiments (Eom et al.‚ 2012). While the study of pigments and colour change is only a growing study‚ there are many practical uses that are being discovered
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to study the cell. When the dominant negative mutations of Rac‚ Cdc42 and Rho were studied – the wound didn’t close. Shows that they’re important. Slide 12: Cdc42 activates in the front. Stabilizes the polarity and controls the regulation of microtubules. Rac is active in the front (pushes membrane forward); when Rac is controlled‚ very little ruffling. Rho GTPase is active in the back and makes a lot of stress fibers. When cells move‚ you must localize small GTPases to control the different bits
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OBJECTIVE The objective of this lab was to determine the effects of two unknown drugs on the microtubule pathways in COS-7 cells through the process of immunostaining. METHOD Before arrival‚ the COS-7 cells were grown in culture dishes submerged in a growth medium that contained bovine serum. Two coverslips covered in the COS-7 cells were provided. After washing the coverslip with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)‚ one coverslip was treated with the control solution‚ and the other was treated with
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both ends of the filament (pointed and barbed ends) until the actin formation reaches a steady state. At this point‚ the subunits are added to the barbed end and lost from the pointed end simultaneously in a phenomenon known as treadmilling. In microtubules‚ tubulin subunits are added
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within the nuclear envelope. The chromosomes also contain a centromere‚ which is necessary in later phases for attachment to microtubules for migration. Late in prophase‚ kinetochores assemble on the centromeres. Specialized microtubules‚ called kinetochore microtubules which will later‚ attach to these sites. Duplicated centrosomes‚ which are the organizing centers of microtubules‚ begin to separate towards opposite poles of the cell. The network of cytoskeletal components begins to break down and the
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performed mechanically. He provides us an animation of how a chromosome is replicated and split with the help of microtubules. Microtubules are straight tubes that are made up of proteins and it resides within a cell. This hollow tube allows the mitosis phase to occur. The copying of DNA is transported across the microtubules from one nucleus to another being created in the cell. The microtubules also have a communication receptor that signals to the cell that replication has completed and the two nuclei
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Dysfunction of cytoplasmic dynein has been found to be one of the factors of Alzheimer’s disease. Likewise‚ dysfunction of dynein in flagella has been tracked as one of many causes of infertility in men. It uses microtubule as a track for its movement and heads towards the negative terminal of the microtubule. Before the 1940’s‚ actin and myosin based-system was considered responsible for all forms of motility shown by a eukaryotic cell. In 1945‚ the first account of myosin-like ATPase was recorded by Engelhard
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