1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ENZYMES THE ENZYMES SPEAK!! “We are the catalysts of the living world! Protein in nature and in action specific; rapid and accurate; huge in size but with small active centres; highly exploited for disease diagnosis in lab centres”. DEFINITION Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesised by living cells. They are protein in nature (exception RNA acting as ribozyme) colloidal and thermo-labile in character and specific in their action. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In
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a natural fiber extracted from the husk of coconut. Technically‚ coir is the fibrous material found between the hard‚ internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut. They are pale when immature‚ but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of lignin is deposited on their walls. The coir fiber is relatively waterproof‚ and is one of the few natural fibers resistant to damage by saltwater. Fresh water is used to process brown coir‚ while seawater and fresh water are both used in the production
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Onda‚ Kristal H. TTH 8:30-10:00 am BSAC3 BIOLOGY 1. How plants grow and develop? Just as humans have essential needs for survival‚ all plants require several basic elements to grow and thrive‚ including… Soil minerals (the more nutrient-rich the soil‚ the better the plant will grow) Water Air (carbon dioxide‚ hydrogen and oxygen) Sunlight Proper soil temperature Proper air temperature How much a plant needs of each element initially depends on the plant’s original habitat. For example
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Aim To prepare a sample of cuprammonium rayon threads from filter paper Apparatus Required a) Conical flask (preferably 250 ml) b) Funnel c) Glass rod d) Beaker (preferably 250 ml) e) Water bath f) Filter paper (Whatman paper or ordinary filter paper sheets. Preferably‚ Whatman) Chemicals Required a) CuSO4 b) NaOH solution c) Liquor ammonia solution d) Dilute H2SO4 e) Whatman Paper f) Distilled H2O Background Rayon is a synthetic
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Wheat Flour (Dry) Milling (3) What is the primary objective of wheat flour milling? The primary objective of wheat flour milling is to produce flour. (From Class Source) (3) What is/are the main coproducts from flour milling? The main coproducts from flour milling is bran‚ germ‚ and middlings. (From Class Source) (5) Compare the tempering step for corn dry milling with wheat flour milling. Discuss The differences or similarities in moisture added and time needed Corn Dry Milling tempering
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Cellulose Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n‚ a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants‚ many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%‚ that of wood is 40–50% and
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A mitochondrion (Terminologia histologica: Mitochondrion) is a cell organelle of eucaryotes with ovoid shape that is the major source for intracellular energy. Mitochondria are present in all but mature red blood cells. They can migrate through the cytoplasm and change their shape. These organelles have an outer unit membrane (membrana mitochondrialis externa) and an inner membrane (membrana mitochondrialis interna). The latter has protrusions into the matrix (mitochondrial plasma). Depending on
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for maximum energy‚ speed‚ stamina‚ concentration‚ recovery and better fluid balance. They are vital for athletes and active individuals because they are the primary fuel for your body. Fiber dietary material containing substances such as cellulose‚ lignin‚ and pectin‚ which are resistant to the action of digestive enzymes. Fiber prevents or relieves constipation. It can also lower your chance of diabetes and heart disease.
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Review Blackwell Publishing Ltd Tansley review Bioenergy from plants and the sustainable yield challenge Author for correspondence: Angela Karp Tel: +44 (0)1582 763133 Fax: +44 (0)1582 760981 Email: angela.karp@bbsrc.ac.uk Received: 21 November 2007 Accepted: 4 February 2008 Angela Karp and Ian Shield Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change‚ Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Department‚ Rothamsted Research‚ Harpenden‚ Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ‚ UK Contents Summary I. II. III. IV. Introduction
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form pipes through which liquid can be moved‚ conducting water and supporting tissues. Fibres simply play a support role and parenchyma have a storage function. The xylem pipework in all living plants consists entirely of dead cells; composed of lignin rich tissues that once have reached maturity promptly die via a process known as apoptosis. This cell death creates a hollow tube leaving water to move rapidly‚ free of obstacles. Tracheids are long and thin with tapered end walls and a narrow lumen
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