reinforced glass are bonded to a piece of clear plastic in a sandwich. If the glass smashes‚ the plastic grasps the wrecked pieces together. Wood and bone are natural composite materials. Wood is a fibre composite‚ containing of fibres of cellulose in lignin cement. Chipboard is a fibre composite that contains wooden chips stuck together. The stuffing of the chips is random‚ so the wooden fibres lie in all ways. Different natural wood‚ chipboard does not have a grain so it is similarly durable in all
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Genetically modified crops (GMCs‚ GM crops‚ or biotech crops) are plants‚ the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples include resistance to certain pests‚ diseases‚ or environmental conditions‚ or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide)‚ or the production of a certain nutrient or pharmaceutical agent. Genetic engineering techniques
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3. Results and discussions 3.1. Disease Severity Results presented in Table 2 showed the disease severity (PDS) after 15 d of inoculation. A significant difference in the PDS was noticed between ‘Nicola’ and ‘Spunta’. The resistant cultivar (Nicola) showed lower incidence of infection compared to the susceptible cultivar (Spunta). Inducers’ treatments individually or in combination with difenoconazole (fungicide) showed significant protective effects against A. solani. The 2‚4-D was the most
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Bioresource Technology 36 ( 1991 ) 77-82 Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme
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Understanding Your Fats and Fiber There are four major dietary fats that we in the foods that we may eat‚ transfats‚ saturated fats‚ monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Eating some of these fats may raise the cholesterol in our bodies. The fats that are considered to be bad fats that we eat are trans fats and saturated because they raise the bad cholesterol (LDL) in our bodies. Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are know to be the good fats and are know to help reduce bad
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widely produced industrially however; they are also produced by plants (mainly for protection against stress) and microorganisms where variations occur between different species. Polyphenols play vital roles in the growth of plants‚ especially in lignin and pigment biosynthesis. They are responsible for providing structure and scaffolding to plants‚ more importantly‚ phytoalexins that are secreted by wounded plants kill certain microorganisms‚ and some pathogenic organisms can counteract these defences
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proportion of its biomass into fine roots than alfalfa‚ which invests more in a large taproot. Taproots have a C/N ratio of about 25‚ which is larger than fine roots (~16)‚ but a lower fiber and lignin concentration. As a result‚ the root system of alfalfa has a greater C/N ratio (19.3) and a lower lignin and fiber concentration than white clover (C/N ratio=13.9). When the C/N ratio is greater than 20‚ net immobilization of nitrogen occurs‚ meaning that it gets stored in soil microorganisms instead
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1. The aim The NDF method measure cellulose‚ hemicellulose and lignin. It is used as an official method for determining dietary fibre in grains and cereals. The method is also applicable for types of feeds and forages. [1]The method consists in a solution of neutral detergent which melt from solid to liquid pectins and plant cell components‚ such as proteins and lipids.[2] The solution is applied to solubilize proteins. The addiction of the amylase enzyme‚ which occurs twice‚ is made in due to broke
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INTRODUCTION Sustainable economical growth requires the safe resources of raw materials for industrial production. Currently‚ the most frequently used industrial raw material‚ petroleum‚ is neither sustainable‚ because of its limited supply‚ nor environmentally friendly. While the economy of energy can be based on various alternative raw materials‚ such as wind‚ sun‚ water‚ biomass‚ as well as nuclear fission and fusion‚ the economy of substances fundamentally depends on biomass‚ in particular
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Waste Utilization in Horticultural Crops Dr.(Mrs.) Neelima Garg Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture‚ Lucknow Email: neelimagargg@rediffmail.com India has become one of the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world producing approximately 30 million tonnes of fruits and 60 million tonnes of vegetables annually. In recent years‚ there has been a shift from conventional farming of food grains to horticulture which include fruits‚ vegetables‚ ornamental crops‚ medicinal
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