Alcohol (fig.1) Ester water Particularly‚ 1-hexanol was reacted with an excess of acetic acid‚ using an acid catalyst to yield its ester: hexyl acetate. The reaction was performed under reflux which sped up the reaction by continuous vapor-condensation cycles of the solution mixture as the solution
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Chapter 14 Lecture Outline Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Organic Compounds that Contain Oxygen‚ Halogen‚ or Sulfur Four families of compounds that contain a C atom singly bonded to O‚ S‚ or X (F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ or I) are: 1. Alcohols‚ which contain an OH (hydroxyl) group 2. Ethers‚ which have two alkyl groups bonded to an O atom 2 Organic Compounds that Contain
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Production of materials 1B – identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum Industrial source of ethylene (ethene) * Obtained from Crude oil – fractional distillation * Heated to high temps * Components vaporise and rise up tower where condense and collect * Lower the boiling point‚ higher up tower compound rises * Separates crude oil into fraction each with different boiling range - Catalytic Cracking
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Student Number Mark / 100 2011 TRIAL HSC EXAMINATION Chemistry General Instructions • • • • • • • Reading time – 5 minutes Working time – 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A data sheet and a Periodic Table are provided. Write your Student Number at the top of this page and those of pages 10 and 11. Total Marks – 100 Section I Pages 2 – 24 Confidential Keep Secure 75 marks This section has two parts‚ Part
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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From the experimental data and through its analysis‚ the enthalpy of combustion for the five alcohols were determined; methanol‚ ethanol‚ propanol‚ butanol‚ and pentanol. As the line of best fit in the graph suggests‚ the enthalpy of combustion increased as the sizes of the molecules increased. This was predicted in the hypothesis and proves it to be correct. As seen on the graph‚ the enthalpy of combustion increases from 140kJ/mol for methanol‚ which has the smallest molecular mass‚ to 530kJ/mol
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components into its various fractions according to the difference in their boiling temperatures. a.) Hexyl acetate and butyl acetate- Simple distillation should be used for these two compounds because their boiling points are very different. b.) Hexanol and cyclopentanol- Fractional distillation should be used because there is a small difference of boiling points between these two compounds. 2. 3. (a)In a vacuum distillation system‚ boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid surpasses the
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The Open Mineral Processing Journal‚ 2011‚ 4‚ 25-44 25 Open Access Flotation Frothers: Review of Their Classifications‚ Properties and Preparation Hamid Khoshdast* and Abbas Sam Department of Mining Engineering‚ Faculty of Engineering‚ Shahid Bahonar University‚ 76169133‚ Kerman‚ Iran Abstract: The importance of frothers in flotation is widely acknowledged‚ particularly in terms of their role with respect to bubble size‚ and the stability and mobility of the froth phase. These factors
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1 CHM 1321 Second Midterm Apr 1 – 2011 (Prof. S. Gambarotta) Your Name: ___________________ Student #: ______________ Exercise key Exercise key 1
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Overall material balance: → Component material balance: → System of Linear Equations with D and S unknown 2. Shown below is a flowchart of a process in which acetic acid (A) is extracted from a mixture of acetic acid and water (B) into 1-hexanol (C)‚ a liquid immiscible with water. R xA = 0.005 xB = 0.995 F‚ 400 g/min zA = 0.115 zB = 0.885 S pureC E yA = 0.096 yC = 0.904 Figure 1 Calculate E‚ R‚ and S based on the given mixture feed rate F. Given: Figure 1 Required:
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