Developing Fuels Revision questions and suggested answers 1. Define ΔHfθ and ΔHcθ ΔHfθ the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states measured under standard conditions ΔHcθ the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound undergoes complete combustion measured under standard conditions 2. Write an equation for the enthalpy of formation of butane C4H10 4C(s) + 5H2(g) C4H10(g) 3. Write an equation for the
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acids and bases. Part A Benzophenone Test Tube Number | Grams of Benzophenone Used (≈0.0400g) | Soluble‚ Insoluble‚ or Partially Soluble? | #1 (1mL of H2O) | 0.0406g | Insoluble | #2 (1mL of Ethyl Alcohol) | 0.0402g | Soluble | #3 (1mL of Hexane) | 0.0406g | Soluble | Although benzophenone has the ability to form two hydrogen bonds from the two lone pair electrons on the oxygen of the carbonyl group‚ its overall polarity is low‚ making it a nonpolar solvent. Now that we’ve established
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CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CEN 1022) Tutorial 3 : Process Variables 1. The specific gravity of gasoline is approximately 0.70. a) Determine the mass (kg) of 50.0 liters of gasoline. b) The mass flowrate of gasoline exiting a refinery tank is 1150kg/min. Estimate the volumetric flow rate in litres/s. 3. How many of the following are found in 15.0kmol of benzene(C6H6)? a) kg C6H6 b) mol C6H6 c) Ib-mol C6H6 d) mol (g-atom) C e) mol H f) g C g) g H h) molecules
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results are presented in Figure 1-3 TABLE 1:Characteristics of the materials used in the extraction of B-Carotene from Carrot Quantity Characteristics Shredded carrots 10.0016g Orange solid 95% ethanol 125mL Clear liquid Water 15mL Clear Liquid Hexane 25mL Clear liquid TABLE 2: Summary of B-Carotene Characterization Results Formula C40H56 Density 940.00 kg/m³ Melting Point 180°C) Rf value (cm/cm) 4.75/4.75=1 Absorbance at 449 nm 0.576 TABLE 3: Summary of Our Beta-carotene Sample Rf value (cm/cm)
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oC -83 oC 161 oC - 163 oC (at 4 mm) Very slightly soluble in water‚ soluble in organic solvent Ethyl Acetate C4H8O2 88.11 0.897 -83.6 oC 77.1 oC Slightly soluble in water (~8.3g/100mL‚ 20 oC)‚ very miscible with alcohol‚ ether‚ acetone‚ benzene. Hexane C6H14 86.18 0.6548 -95 oC 69oC Immiscible with water Dichloro-methane CH2Cl2 84.93 -97 oC 40 oC 1.325 Slightly soluble in water (~1.3g/100mL‚ 20 oC)‚ very miscible with most organic solvent. Hazard 1. Ferrocene is highly flammable and it is harmful
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Diels-Alder Synthesis of Exo-Norbornene-cis-5‚6-Dicarboxylic Anhydride for Organic Chemistry Laboratory Instruction Kyle Myers and Dr. James Roark University of Nebraska at Kearney‚ Department of Chemistry‚ Kearney‚ NE 68849 Abstract A technique for the Diels-Alder synthesis of endo-norbornene-cis-5‚6dicarboxylic anhydride and its stereoisomer‚ exo-norbornene-cis-5‚6-dicarboxylic anhydride‚ is explained. To prove that each stereoisomer was made in the experiment and to distinguish between the
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mixture was left to stand for an hour with stirring before the crude product was collected with vacuum filtration.The product was air dried for a couple of minutes then boiled with hexane (20 mL) leaving behind a brown- black gummy substance. The product was then decolourised with activated charcoal and recrystallized from hexane to give dark orange crystals (0.51 g‚ 27%‚ m.p. 84°C; lit. m.p. 81-86 ºC). A TLC plate was used to compare the ferrocene‚ the crude product and the recrystallised product. The
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added using a powder funnel. The dry silica was transferred into an Erlenmeyer Flask. The column was approximately ½ filled with Hexanes. Hexanes was added to the Erlenmeyer flask filled with dry silica‚ swirled‚ and quantitatively transferred into the column. The stopcock was opened and the Erlenmeyer Flask was placed underneath the column. By using the air-line‚ Hexanes was forced until no bubbles were formed‚ the silica gel was flat‚ and making sure the column was never dry. The column was clamped
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lab; however‚ we were able to get through most of it‚ and were only missing the adulterant. The first step to identify our unknown samples was to create TLC plates that should results with each known compound and 95% hexane: 5% ethyl acetate‚ 90% hexane: 10% ethyl acetate‚ or 80% hexane: 20% ethyl acetate. Each student was designated one of these concentrations of solvent as well as visualization method. After we tested and calculated the Rf values of each of the following known compounds with each
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EXPERIMENT 1: Aim: To range the metals copper‚ lead‚ silver and zinc together with hydrogen. Start with the strongest reducing agent. Hypothesis: The nobler a metal is‚ the worse reducing agent. Apparatus/requirements: Sandpaper‚ strips of; zinc‚ lead‚ silver and copper‚ solutions containing aqueous; Zn2+‚ Pb2+‚ Cu2+ and Ag+ ions (0.2 M)‚ hydrochloric acid (5.0 M)‚ emery paper‚ test-tubes. Method: Burnish the three metal strips to get a shiny surface‚ after drop a drop of each of the metal
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