Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization‚ extraction‚ and chromatography.
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rectangular solid‚ aluminum foil ~10 x 10cm‚ 100-mL graduated cylinder‚ rectangle Materials: Methylene chloride‚ hexane‚ water‚ ice‚ unknown liquids Observations: A) Procedure Observations Water added to cylinder Water fills the cylinder. Methylene chloride added to water A layer of methylene chloride forms below the water. Hexane added to water Layer of hexane forms on top of the water. Glass marble added to cylinder Glass marble sanks to the bottom of the cylinder
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Results: 1) Complete the following table by rating the solubility of each organic compound in the indicated solvents either as soluble‚ partially soluble‚ or insoluble. (9 Points) Organic Compound Water (solvent) Methyl alcohol (solvent) Hexane (solvent) Benzophenone Malonic Acid Biphenyl 2) There should be a difference in the results between the solubilities of biphenyl and benzophenone in methyl alcohol. Explain why there is this difference. If
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Use of Ionic liquids in Industrial Applications Samar Noureldin ‚ Amel Elsadig ‚ Mohammed Mahjob Department of Chemical engineering ‚ University of Khartoum‚ Sudan Paper of 4th grade project ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
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calcium chloride pellets with more DCM‚ the solvent was evaporated‚ leaving greenish-white crystalline caffeine residue weighing about .25 mg. In order to recrystallize the caffeine‚ we used a mixed-solvent method‚ consisting of hot acetone and hexanes. The solution was cooled and a vacuum filtration was done to remove the caffeine crystals. The final product weighed about 3 mg. Introduction Caffeine is an organic compound that is found in tea leaves and coffee beans. It is a basic substance
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solution (5 mL) again. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Decant the organic layer into a small beaker and concentrate to roughly 0.2 mL by evaporation in the hood (do not apply heat!). If the sample goes to dryness‚ re-dissolve in hexane (0.2 mL). *Set aside a small amount of your crude
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spotting the standard spinach extract. A beaker was used with the developing solvent‚ filter paper‚ and TLC plate inside and a watch glass over top of the beaker to perform the thin layer chromatography. After the solvent front (30% ethyl acetate in hexane) reached about an inch from the top‚ the TLC plate was removed from the beaker and the developing spots were marked. After implementing the column and thin layer chromatography‚ the Rf value for component one was .95‚ for component two it was .28
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Kristine Department of Psychology College of Science University of Santo Tomas España Manila 1015 Abstract A hydrocarbon is strictly composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms only. Five hydrocarbons were used namely hexane‚ cyclohexene‚ toluene‚ naphthalene (in hexane)‚ and the unknown (which will be known through parallel chemical tests). Three tests‚ nitration test‚ bromine test and basic oxidation test were conducted to fully differentiate each type of hydrocarbon from one another. Nitration
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Chromatography Lab by wyk.wong » Fri Jul 11‚ 2014 10:25 am Results and Calculations Rf values Rf=(Distance moved by the spot (cm))/(Distance moved by the solvent front (cm)) Toluene: Rf=2 cm/3.8 cm=0.53 (Fluorenone) Rf=1.1 cm/3.8 cm=0.29 (Fluorene) Hexane: Rf=1.8 cm/2.2 cm=0.82 (Fluorene) Rf=0 cm/2.2 cm=0 (Fluorene Table 1: Experimental IR peaks compared to literature IR peaks for fluorenone Functional group Experimental peak (cm-1) Literature peak (cm-1) C-H 3010.5 3013 C=O 1715.2
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against head lice from the hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seed. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques revealed that two major compounds of the hexane seed extract were oleic acid and triglyceride with one oleate ester. The yields of these compounds were 13.25% and 7.74% dry weight‚ respectively. The compounds were tested in vitro against head lice‚ comparing to the crude hexane extract of the seed. The triglyceride with one oleate ester and the crude hexane extract diluted with coconut
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