Produces the most energy and requires 02 to oxidise glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Redox reaction Change in heat = -2860 KJ/ mol Change in heat = -2860 KJ/ mol * Anaerobic respiration: In humans- occurs in muscles and produces lactic acid C6H12O6 ->
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Pg. 287 #1‚3‚4 1. Describe the structure of a nucleotide. A nucleotide is a sugar molecule that has 3 parts including a simple sugar‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides join together forming long chains‚ with the phosphate group of nucleotide bonding to the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. 3. Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper. The structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper because it is made of tow chains
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UGA-3’ Translation (amino acid sequence): Met Gly Asn His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence one: 3’-T A C G C T T T A G T A G C C A T T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): 5’-AUG CGA AAU CAU CGG UAA-3’ Translation (amino acid sequence): Met Arg Asn His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence two: 3’-T A A C C T T T A C T A G G C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): 5’-AUU GGA AAU GAU CCG UGA-3’ Translation (amino acid sequence): Ile Gly Asn
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cells that performs a specific function tissue Cell-fundamental unit of life Organell- membrane enclosed structure that performs a specific function Molecule- cluster of small chemical units atoms held together by molecular bond Deoxyribonucleic acid CH. 2 Matter- anything that occupies space and has mass Element- a substance that cant be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means. 92 elements Compound-two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. More common
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some act as coenzymes or active enzyme activators Nucleic acids – information molecules‚ carry instructions for life Water – Takes part in many reactions‚ support in plants‚ solvent/medium for most metabolic reactions‚ transport * Define metabolism Metabolism is the sum total of all the biochemical reactions taking place in the cells of an organism. * Name the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids. | Monomer | Polymer | Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides
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largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers are referred to as being organic compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that contain the elements carbon and hydrogen. 1. Chemical Properties of Carbon a. Carbon has 6 electrons. What is the structure of a carbon atom
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DNA sequence occurs. It’s because multiple genetic codons can convert into code for the same amino acid. Amino acids are coded for by three nucleotide sets called codons.Ex)Amino acid arginine- coded by * CGT‚ CGC ‚CGA and CGG. If the CGC is changed to CGA‚ the amino acid arginine will still be produced. | Missense Mutation | Missense Mutation modifies the nucleotide sequence so that a different amino acid is produced. This
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bloods 24-hour service that attaches to and transports fatty acids‚ calcium‚ and other substances through the circulatory system to cells throughout the body • Immunoproteins are blood proteins that act like the bodies disease defense system The Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids • The building blocks of proteins are amino acids • 20 common amino acids (9 are considered essential and 11 are
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• Carbonyl groups: a chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. • Carboxyl group: a chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. • Amino group: a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution‚ accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+. • Sulfhydryl group:
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transfer RNA (tRNA) which transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. Each tan ball in the diagram represents an amino acid. The multi-color “piano keys’ represent the four nucleotide bases A‚ G‚ T‚ and C. In the (first) upper stand the A‚ G‚ T‚ and C bases are grouped into a sequence of three‚ called a triplet. Each triplet specifies a particular amino acid. The second strand contains RNA which differs from DNA
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