characteristics of living things? Proteins(made from amino acids)‚ Carbohydrates(made from monosaccharides)‚ Nucleic acid( made from nucleotides)‚ lipids What is a macromolecule? give examples Polymers with molecular weight exceeding 1000 g/mol. examples: proteins‚ carbohydrates‚ nucleic acid‚ lipids What is a functional group? Group of atoms that link together and have the same function Examples of functional groups hydroxyl‚ carbonxyl‚ amino‚ phosphate‚ sulfhydryl what is an isomer?
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Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • define the biomolecules like carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids; • classify carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids and vitamins on the basis of their structures; • explain the difference between DNA and RNA; • appreciate the role of biomolecules in biosystem. Biomolecules “It is the harmonious and synchronous progress of chemical reactions in body which leads to life”. 14 Unit A living system grows‚ sustains and reproduces
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Chapter 3 Molecules of Life I. Carbon 1. 6 electrons- (4 valence) has the ability to bond with 4 other elements 2. Hydrocarbons- (contains only C & H) 3. Asymmetric carbon- attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms II. Isomers - Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure and properties 1. Structural- differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms and may differ in location of double bonds 2. Geometric- same structure different arrangement 3. Enantiomer/stereoisomer
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Classes of Organic Molecules The Molecules of Life -the critically important large molecules of all living things fall into 4 main classes: 1) _____________________ 2) _____________________ 3) _____________________ 4) _____________________ -macromolecules are ____________________‚ built from _____________________ -________________: a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical ______________ blocks linked by __________________ bonds -___________________: smaller molecules that serve as
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gain through eating are processed into amino acids and use to replace the proteins already found in the body. There is a total of 20 different amino acids that combine together to make the different proteins. Amino acids that cannot be produce by the body are known as essential amino acids‚ and are acquired through the foods we eat. These essential amino acids are necessary for the body to function.
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effect of concentration. Cold‚ room temperature‚ body temperature‚ and hot enzyme solutions were timed and observed to find out what effect temperature had on the reactions. To see how pH level effected enzyme reactions‚ the researcher used hydrochloric acid‚ sodium hydroxide‚ and distilled water to create solutions. The data recorded from the investigations were very useful in helping the scientist gain an understanding of how enzymes work and how some factors can either aid or hinder their processes
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CAU CGG UGA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met (Start) Gly Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence one: 3’-T A C G C T T T A G T A G C C A T T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG CGA AAU CAU CGG UAA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met(Start) Arg Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence two: 3’-T A A C C T T T A C T A G G C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUU GGA AAU GAU CCG UGA Translation (amino acid sequence): Ile(Start)
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LEDs… Release only ONE color of light Produce very little heat What is an LED? They are semiconductor devices that can convert electrical energy directly into light due to the nature of the bonding that occurs in the semiconductor solid. Type of bonding is directly related to conductivity of solid. Bonding in Elemental Solids Electronegativity – the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself. Atoms with low e.n. (metals) don’t hold valence electrons tightly valence
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of protein is a chain of amino acids. We need protein in our diet to help our body to repair cells and make new ones. The human body needs a lot of amino acids to maintain good health. Protein is also important for growth and development in children‚ teens‚ and pregnant women. Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion‚ proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and proteaseactions. This
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chain of sugars and phosphates that are joined by pairs of nucleic acids. These are adenine‚ guanine‚ cytosine and thymine. For replication‚ DNA is unzipped by the enzyme and it leaves a single nucleotide chain‚ which is then copied. RNA polymerase then reads the DNA strand and grabs a single stand of mRNA. This single strand leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm inside the ribosomes. Translation: tRNA brings the amino acid and anticodon which corresponds to the first (start) codon and to
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