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Ethical Issues In Artificial Hydration

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Ethical Issues In Artificial Hydration
“The purpose of medical science is to benefit the life and health of those who turn to medicine. It surely was never intended that it be used to prolong biological life in patients bereft of the prospect of returning to an even limited exercise of human life.”(Ashby & Stofell, 1995). The technology of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) allows the provision of complete nutrition to patients who in the past would not have received such treatment. However, the wisdom of administering long-term ANH to every patient who can no longer eat independently is debatable (Peck et al 1990; Meyers and Grodin 1991; Hodges and Tolle 1994) and decisions around its use at the end of life have raised significant clinical, ethical, and legal concerns …show more content…
(2003). Artificial nutrition and hydration: Clinical issues. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, (5)4, pp. 221-230.

Fine, (2006) Ethical Issues in Artificial Nutrition and Hydration. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, (21) pp. 118-125.

Finucane, T.E., Christmas, C. and Travis, K. (1999) Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: A review of the evidence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(14). pp. 1365-1370.

Fredrick, C.J. ed., (1977) The Philosophy of Kant: Immanuel Kant 's Moral and Political Writings. New York, NY: Random House.
Ganzini, L., Goy, E., Miller, L., Harvath, T., Jackson, A. And Delorit, B. (2003) Nurses’ experiences with hospice patients who refuse food and fluids to hasten death. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(4), pp. 359-65.
General Medical Council (2010) Good Medical Practise. London:General Medical Council.
Geppert, C., Andrews, M.R. and Druyan, M.E. (2010) Ethical issues in artificial nutrition and hydration: a review. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 34(1), pp.79-88.

Goodhall L. (1997) Tube feeding dilemmas: can artificial nutrition and hydration be legally or ethically withheld or withdrawn? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(2), pp. …show more content…
(1995) Immanuel Kant. In: The Academic American Encyclopedia (1995 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Version) Danbury, CT.: Grolier Inc.

Hall, J. (1994) Caring for corpses or killing patients? Nursing Management, (25)10 pp.81-89.

Hodges, M.O. and Tolle, S.W. (1994) Tube-feeding decisions in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 10(3) pp.475-488.

Holmes, S. (2010) Withholding or withdrawing nutrition at the end of life. Nursing Standard, 25(14), pp. 43-46.
Karlawish, J.H., Quill, T. and Meier, D.E. (1999) A consensus-based approach to providing palliative care to patients who lack decision-making capacity. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130 (10), pp. 835-40.
Li, I. (2002) Feeding tubes in patients with severe dementia. American Family Physician, 65(8), pp. 1605-10.
Lowden, J. (2002) Children’s Rights: A decade of dispute. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37(1), pp. 100-107.

Meyers, R.M. and Grodin, M.A. (1991) Decision Making Regarding the Initiation of Tube Feedings in the severely demented elderly: a review. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 39(5), pp. 526-531.

Mills, J.S. (1975) On Liberty. New York, NY: WW
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