Dye Decolorization
UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE
Dept: Molecular biology and biotechnology Name: Ernest Medard Reg#:2010-04-00120 Degree program: Bsc. MBB BL 390: research project
TITLE: production of Laccase and Pectinase enzymes by Schizophyllum spp and its application in dye decolorization Project supervisor: Dr. R. Masalu Lab scientist: Mr. Chuwa
INTRODUCTION:
Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, a lot of chemicals including dyes are manufactured and used in day-to-day life. Dyes are synthetic and aromatic molecular structural compounds. According to their dissociation in an aqueous solution, dyes can be classified as acid, direct reactive dyes (anionic), basic dyes (cationic) and disperse dyes (nonionic). They are used on several substrates in food, cosmetics, paper, plastic and textile industries. Solutions retain them by physical adsorption by making compounds with metals and salts using covalent bonds. Many chemical dyes have been used increasingly in textile and dyeing industries because of their ease and cost effectiveness in synthesis, firmness and variety in color compared to that of natural dyes. About 100,000 commercial dyes are manufactured including several varieties of dyes such as acidic, basic, reactive, azo, diazo, anthraquinone based meta complex dyes. Over 10,000 dyes with an annual production of over 7 X 105 metric tons are commercially available (Campos et al., 2001). Approximately 50% of the dyes are released in the industrial effluents (Zollinger, 1991).
Dyes are poly-aromatic molecules that give a permanently color to materials like textile fabrics (Vandevivere et al., 1998). Dyes can create an environmental problem since they resist biodegradation, and several of them and/or their degradation products are toxic (Moawad et al., 2003).Environmental regulatory agencies in several countries are adopting stringent regulations for the discharge of colored effluents from textile and dyestuff
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE
Dept: Molecular biology and biotechnology Name: Ernest Medard Reg#:2010-04-00120 Degree program: Bsc. MBB BL 390: research project
TITLE: production of Laccase and Pectinase enzymes by Schizophyllum spp and its application in dye decolorization Project supervisor: Dr. R. Masalu Lab scientist: Mr. Chuwa
INTRODUCTION:
Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, a lot of chemicals including dyes are manufactured and used in day-to-day life. Dyes are synthetic and aromatic molecular structural compounds. According to their dissociation in an aqueous solution, dyes can be classified as acid, direct reactive dyes (anionic), basic dyes (cationic) and disperse dyes (nonionic). They are used on several substrates in food, cosmetics, paper, plastic and textile industries. Solutions retain them by physical adsorption by making compounds with metals and salts using covalent bonds. Many chemical dyes have been used increasingly in textile and dyeing industries because of their ease and cost effectiveness in synthesis, firmness and variety in color compared to that of natural dyes. About 100,000 commercial dyes are manufactured including several varieties of dyes such as acidic, basic, reactive, azo, diazo, anthraquinone based meta complex dyes. Over 10,000 dyes with an annual production of over 7 X 105 metric tons are commercially available (Campos et al., 2001). Approximately 50% of the dyes are released in the industrial effluents (Zollinger, 1991).
Dyes are poly-aromatic molecules that give a permanently color to materials like textile fabrics (Vandevivere et al., 1998). Dyes can create an environmental problem since they resist biodegradation, and several of them and/or their degradation products are toxic (Moawad et al., 2003).Environmental regulatory agencies in several countries are adopting stringent regulations for the discharge of colored effluents from textile and dyestuff
References: Selvan k.shanmiga Priya M 2012. Biological treatment of azo dyes and textile industry effluents by newly isolated white rot fungi schizophyllum commune and lenzites eximia Chander M. and D.S Anora 2007. Evaluation of some white rot fungi for their potential to decolorize industrial dyes. Dyes and pigments 72:192-198