Preview

Acid-Base Extraction with Separatory Funnel

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
732 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Acid-Base Extraction with Separatory Funnel
A. Title – Acid-Base Extraction with Separatory Funnel

B. Introduction – The main objective of the experiment was the extract an acid, a base, and a neutral compound from a 2:1:1 compound of benzoic acid, p-nitroaniline, and azobenzene. In theory, an extraction technique based on phase distribution should allow two immiscible solvents to separate with a portion of the solute distributed into each. Using a separatory funnel, acids were extracted with bases (NaOH), and bases were extracted with acids (HCl). Gravity filtration, cold filtration, and hot filtration were all used in separating the compounds. Melting points were then observed in order to check for purity of the compounds.

C. Structures –

D. Reactions –

+ HCl Cl-

+ NaOH Na+ + H2O

Cl- + NaOH + NaCl + H2O

Na+ + HCl + NaCl

E. Physical Contents –

| M.W. (g/mol) | M.P. (oC) | B.P. (oC) | Density (g/mL) | 4-Nitroaniline | 138.12 | 146-149 | 260 | 1.40 | Azobenzene | 182.22 | 65-68 | 293 | 1.09 | Benzoic Acid | 122.12 | 121-125 | 249 | 1.30 | Methylene Chloride | 84.93 | -97 | 39.8-40 | 1.32 |

G. Procedure – The 2:1:1 mixture was dissolved in methylene chloride in a beaker and transferred to a separatory funnel. Hydrochloric acid was added, and the resulting separated layers were extracted from the funnel. Hydrochloric acid was added and extracted a second time. The organic extraction was returned to the funnel, and NaOH was added. The two layers were extracted, thus forming a third flask of compound. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to flask with the organic layer and set aside. The remaining two compounds were cooled in ice baths and then neutralized. Hydrochloric acid was added to the basic extract just beyond neutralization, and sodium hydroxide was added
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Lab Report
    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Lab Report

    Approximately ten minutes into the reflux period a condensation reflux ring was visible near the top of the round-bottom flask and then progressed up the approximately one-third of the condenser column length approximately twenty minutes into the reflux. Thirty minutes into the reflux, the mixture changed to a dark purple color while it bubbled and boiled. This color remained through the extractions but was left in the boiling flask during distillation. Reflux continued for a total of 60 minutes after the reflux ring formed and took approximately ten minutes to cool down to room temperature. Then the room temperature mixture was prepared for extraction with 10mL of water but discovered to be still very acidic after one wash. To reach a neutral pH, it took three washes with Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to remove any excess acetic acid and catalytic sulfuric acid. During distillation, the first drop was observed at 135 C and stopped at approximately 139 C when the distilling flask approached dryness. The final product was clear and colorless with a strong scent of bananas. The mass of the product was a 4.42g…

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    To Prepare N-Butyl Bromide Or N-Bromobutane
    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages

    To Prepare N-Butyl Bromide Or N-Bromobutane

    During the reflux period, there have not been any signs of errors; the reflux distillation process occurred smoothly. Once reflux distillation was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, then extracted thrice by a separatory funnel. Before any extractions proceeded though, the mixture already had two distinct layers – a top dark brown layer, and a bottom light yellow layer. This mixture was extracted with 9M sulfuric acid, and the aqueous layer, containing butanol, sulfuric acid, and water, was removed and discarded. The organic layer, consisting of the n-butyl bromide, went through a second extraction with water. This resulted in an organic layer of n-butyl bromide and water and an aqueous layer of water and a little amount of alcohol, which was discarded. The organic layer was then dried by extracting it with sodium bicarbonate; this is an extra step for drying the alkyl halide. The resulting organic layer contained the crude n-butyl bromide, and the drying procedure was completed by adding anhydrous calcium chloride until the solution turned clear. The drying agent was used to absorb any excess water and thus, resulted in a clear solution of n-butyl…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    T Pentyl Chloride Lab Report
    • 1041 Words
    • 5 Pages

    T Pentyl Chloride Lab Report

    The following experimental procedure was directed from Introduction to Organic Lab Techniques CHM2211L Coursepack by Dr. Edward Kluger found on pages 18- 20.…

    • 1041 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Alkyl Halide: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
    • 1325 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Alkyl Halide: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

    Through the top of the condenser, 14 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added drop wise over a period of ten minutes. The addition of the acid created a change in color of the solution to a rustic orange color. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and the solution changed to a faded yellow-orange color. Once reflux was complete, a simple distillation was set up, with the 25 mL collection graduated cylinder placed in an ice bath. The mixture was distilled and combined with the hood partners’ distilled mixture. The distillate was placed in a separatory funnel with 10 mL of distilled water. Once separated, the distillate was added to the funnel again with 9 M sulfuric acid. The organic layer was still in the funnel after separation, as distilled water was added to the solution and then 10 mL of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The organic solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate for a week. The liquid product was transferred to a 25 mL round bottom flask equipped with a stir bar and a simple distillation was set up. The solution was distilled and the density of the bromide was calculated at 1.222 grams/mL with a boiling range of 87-92◦C. The theoretical yield was calculated at 12.847 grams and the percent yield was 72.3 percent. Next was the characterization and assessment of the purity of the…

    • 1325 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Competing Nucleophiles Lab
    • 2607 Words
    • 11 Pages

    Competing Nucleophiles Lab

    40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in another beaker, crushing the lumps until a powdery mixture remains. The powdery mixture is then transferred to a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add the ammonium salts into the sulfuric acid mixture. Heat is applied to dissolve the salt. Once the solution has fully dissolved, allow it to cool until the warm substance is touchable. A prolonged waiting period can cause the solution to recrystallize and this process would have to be repeated again. Place 6.0 mL of water in a 15 mL centrifuge tube marking the tube at the 6.0 mL level and replace the water with the solvent-nucleophile mixture. The tube is set aside for the t-butyl experiment. The remaining mixture is placed in a 25 mL round bottom flask.…

    • 2607 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Glacial Acetic Acid Bleach Lab Report
    • 649 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Glacial Acetic Acid Bleach Lab Report

    The liquid was thoroughly mixed and tested for acidity. Once determined acidic, the mixture was refluxed (boiled but not distilled) and sodium bisulfate was added to quench extra bleach. Once the unreacted bleach was proved gone, sodium hydroxide was added and the mixture was again tested for acidity. If it was not acidic the procedure continued. At this point an oily layer was on top of the liquid in the flask used. This was the resulting azeotrope. The distillation apparatus was reassembled and the mixture was distilled until no more oil layer was on top of the mixture. The boiling point range of this azeotrope was recorded and found to be around 78°C. What was left in the collection vial after distillation were two layers of liquid; organic and non-organic layers. The two layers were transferred to a reaction tube and salted out with about 0.4 grams of solid NaCl per mL of aqueous layer. Then the reaction tube was corked and stored for a week so that it could be tested the following week to find the identity. The reason for corking this tube is because the liquid that was left was volatile, which means that it would readily evaporate at room temperature. The liquid was used on the second day to identify the…

    • 649 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Electrophilic Aromatic Iodination of Vanillin
    • 961 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Electrophilic Aromatic Iodination of Vanillin

    The purpose of this laboratory experiment is for an aromatic compound to undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction. To carry this out, our method combines sodium iodide and common bleach as the oxidizing agent in aqueous alcohol as the solvent.…

    • 961 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Naoh Reaction Lab
    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Naoh Reaction Lab

    The purpose of this lab was to separate and purify a compound. This was achieved using techniques that allowed the extraction of the acid, the isolation of the neutral compound and the melting point classification of the neutral compound to test the purity of the sample.…

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Separation: Mixture and Ml Beaker Funnel
    • 408 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Separation: Mixture and Ml Beaker Funnel

    Separating a mixture is an example of a physical change. There are several ways to separate a mixture. The use of one's hands in pulling the parts of a mixture apart is one example. Filtration is another way to separate mixtures. Filtration is the separation of a heterogeneous (not alike, different) mixtures, by adding a solvent and passing the resulting mixture through a fine mesh or filter. Evaporation of a homogeneous (alike, same) mixture will reveal any solid particles which were dissolved in the original mixture.…

    • 408 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Carbene Addition Lab
    • 765 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Carbene Addition Lab

    To begin, 0.324g of cyclohexene was mixed with 1 ml of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1ml of chloroform and 0.040g of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride. The reaction was stirred and heated at 40 degrees Celsius for an hour before extracting the 7,7 dichloronorcarane through 2 methyl chloride extraction processes (1ml methylene chloride). The product was then air dried until no more liquid would evaporate, and weighed giving a…

    • 765 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Effect of Ph on a Food Preservative
    • 690 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Effect of Ph on a Food Preservative

    This experiment was started with a clear solution of sodium benzoate and HCl was added to it, ultimately producing benzoic acid. First, .3395 g of sodium benzoate was weighed, then it was dissolved in water, causing it to disassociate into ions. Next, 3M of HCl were added drop wise to the solution until it reached a pH of 2, thus introducing the hydronium ion. This addition caused a white, solid benzoic acid to precipitate out of the solution. A vacuum filtration system was used to separate the solid from the liquid. What was once water soluable became insoluable.…

    • 690 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Intermolecular Forces
    • 971 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Intermolecular Forces

    Experiment 9 is conducted to identify the importance of intermolecular forces and how they affect molecules. Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules that determine whether the molecule is a solid, liquid, or gas under standard conditions. In our lab, we measured the maximum and minimum temperature reached and time it took to reach it of alcohols and alkanes. In addition, we measured the vapor pressure of the liquid at different temperatures. Through Experiment 9, we concluded that molecules with hydrogen bonds or long chains in the structural formula have stronger intermolecular forces, and that as temperature increases the vapor pressure of a substance increases exponentially.…

    • 971 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report
    • 1791 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report

    The purpose of this experiment is to analyze mixtures of compounds prior to, during and after a separation scheme. This experiment also allows monitoring reactions of organic molecules, and determines the identity of a mixture of compounds.…

    • 1791 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Banana Oil Synthesis Report
    • 1699 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Banana Oil Synthesis Report

    | * Clear, colorless liquid, disagreeable odor, flammable. Hazardous in case of skin, eye contact and ingestion and inhalation.…

    • 1699 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Green Oxidation of Borneol to Camphor
    • 498 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The Green Oxidation of Borneol to Camphor

    Numerous chemicals are made daily that are poisonous to the environment. Thus, this experiment uses no toxic chemicals and is referred to as being “Green.” To first start the experiment one had to create the oxidant which then is tested on KI Paper. Once the proper level is reached then the oxidation process can begin and will end with Camphor as the product. The mechanism used is as follows.…

    • 498 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More