Introduction English is a widespread language‚ spoken all over the world. It is the mother tongue of people of different nationalities‚ such as: British‚ American‚ Australian‚ Canadian and South African. It is the second language (language of instruction‚ used in administration and education) of several countries in Asia and Africa and it is learned as a foreign language in almost every country. Languages have different accents meaning they are pronounced differently by different people depending
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1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims. Comparative typology‚ as the notion itself reveals‚ represents a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Like typology proper Comparative typology also aims at establishing the most general structural types of languages on their dominant or common phonetically‚ morphological‚ lexical and syntactical features. Comparative typology may equally treat dominant or common features only‚ as well as divergent features only
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AMIRAH BATRISYIA BINTI HAMDAN 930123-04-5016 1PISMP TESL (2) TOPIC 1 QUESTION 1: DISCUSS THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN BRITAIN AND THE EVENTS THAT BROUGHT ABOUT THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUGAE DURING THE EARLY ENGLISH MODERN AGE (1500-1800) Origins of English Language The English language belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. The closest undoubted living relatives of English are Scots and Frisian. Frisian is a language spoken by
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------------------------------------------------- Background Scottish English results from language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century. The resulting shifts to English usage by Scots-speakers resulted in many phonological compromises and lexical transfers‚ often mistaken for mergers by linguists unfamiliar with the history of Scottish English. Furthermore‚ the process was also influenced by interdialectal forms‚ hypercorrections and spelling pronunciations
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and/or less loud sound". In the monosyllable (one-syllable word) cat /kæt/‚ the vowel /æ/ is the "centre" at which little obstruction takes place‚ whereas we have complete obstruction to the airflow for the surrounding plosives /k/ and /t/. Phonological Definition Laver (1994‚ p. 114) defines the phonological syllable as "a complex unit made up of nuclear and marginal elements". Nuclear elements are the vowels or syllabic segments; marginal elements are the consonants or non-syllabic segments
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way sounds‚ stress‚ rhythm and intonation are used in the given language community. 2) see stress. Accommodation - modifications of consonants under the influence of the neighbouring vowels and vice versa. Acoustic Phonetics – science which deals with the physical property of sounds. Affricates - noise consonants produced with a complete obstruction which is slowly released and the air stream escapes from the mouth with some friction
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articulatory classification of English vowels. 9. The articulatory classification of English consonants. 10. Phoneme as many-sided dialectic unity of language. Types of allophones. Distinctive and irrelevant features of the phoneme. 11. Main phonological schools. 12. The system of vowel phonemes in English. Problem of diphthongs. 13. The system of consonant phonemes in English. Problem of affricates. 14. Modifications of English consonants and vowels in speech. 15
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Code switching: - Definition: The practice of oscillate between two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language. Code switching (CS) occurs far more often in conversation than in writing. According to Numan and carter the term defined as "a phenomenon of switching from one language to another in the same discourse. Trudgill‚"speakers switch to manipulate or influence or define the situation as they wish and to convey nuances of meaning and personal intention". Kinds
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The phonetics of English language Chapter 1.The production of speech Phonetics may be considered the grammar of pronunciation. Phonetic system of English consists of the following four components: speech sounds‚ the syllabic structure of words‚ word stress‚ and intonation (prosody). These four components what is called pronunciation of English. In any language people speak using their organs of speech. All the organs of speech can be divided into two groups: Active organs of speech- are
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syllable has a vowel. It might also have one or more consonants before the vowel and one or more consonants after it. • A syllable can also have a syllabic consonant instead of a vowel. A syllabic consonant is a consonant that is stretched out and acts as a vowel. For example‚ the last syllable in button [b "/n] or middle [mId.`l ] is usually ! . ` pronounced as a syllabic consonant. Back Next Thursday‚ March 1‚ 12 For example... • Eye has one syllable (just one vowel sound: /ay/) •
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