Urine production If body fluids are hypo osmolar‚ then kidney will produces hypo osmolar urine. (Dilute urine) If body fluids are hyper osmolar (dehydration) then kidney produces hyperosmolar urine. (concentrated urine) In the renal cortex the osmolarity of interstitial fluid is 300mOs/L going to 1200mOs/L in the papilla. From the cortex to the papilla there is an increasing hyper osmolarity of the interstitial fluid. Cortico papillary osmolarity gradient. Urine with osmolarity more than 300mOs/l
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There‚ they can sometimes become infected leading to serious kidney infection called pyelonephritis. When kidney stone passes from the urine collecting system within the kidney into the ureter‚ it can act like a dam. preventing easy flow of urine from the kidney into the bladder. This causes urine to back up‚ increasing pressure and swelling within the kidney. Pain from a kidney stone can be excruciating‚ particularly as the stone is passing through the ureter. Kidney
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Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Pre-Test 1. What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)? (select all that apply) a) To flush the bladder with normal saline to prevent or treat clot formation b) To instill medications such as antibiotics for treating bladder infections 2. What equipment is used for CBI? (select all that apply) a) Sterile NS for irrigation (3000ml bags) b) Irrigation tubing c) IV Pole d) Foley (3-way)
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amount of pain by blocking the flow of urine out of the body. Various precautions can be taken in order to avoid this painful condition. Affected individuals should be aware of the many different types‚ causes‚ treatments and ways of prevention to further inhibit the formation of kidney stones. In the human body‚ the two bean-shaped kidneys play a central role in filtering the blood and removing wastes and excess water from the body in the form of urine. Urine is removed from the body via the excretory
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of the different types of kidney stones? A kidney stone develops from crystals that separate from urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney. Normally‚ urine contains chemicals that prevent or inhibit the crystals from forming‚ however‚ in some people‚ stones still become formed. Crystals that remain small enough will travel through the urinary tract and pass out of the body in the urine without even being noticed. · calcium stones Calcium stones are the most common type of stones.
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linked to the ability to form biofilms‚ it aids in the bacteria’s resistance to defenses of the host and select antibiotics. On a switching note‚ since P. mirabilis is Urease positive this allows it to thrive by raising its PH which can lead to stone formation in the kidneys (kidney Stones). Infections caused by P. mirabilis are seen most often in nursing home patients because of infected medical materials such as gloves and catheters. The medical materials used
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I. Kidney Anatomy A. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 200 liters of fluid from the bloodstream‚ allowing toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions to leave the body in urine while returning needed substances to the blood; of this‚ only 1-2 L of urine is actually formed daily B. Location and External Anatomy 1. Kidneys - bean-shaped organs that lie retroperitoneal in the superior lumbar region. 2. The medial surface is concave and has a renal
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Physiology Exercise 9 page. 121 Name: SC 245 L Date: Point Break down: 100 points Questions: 60 points Data/Results: 15 points Summarizing activities: 25 points Introduction: In this lab we will learn how the kidney processes blood and produces urine. Activity 1: Investigating the Effect of Flow Tube Radius on Glomerular filtration. Data/Results: Please submit a chart or type your data. Questions: Please answer the questions in complete sentences and explain your answers. 1. What effect does
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between the two types of nephrons? g. Nephron – structural and functional units that form urine h. Types i. Cortical nephrons – makes up 85% of nephrons; located in cortex ii. Juxtamedullary nephrons – located at the cortex-medulla junction; have long loops of Henle that deeply invade the medulla; have extensive thin segments; involved with production of concentrated urine 5. Identify the different parts of the nephron and describe the major function or processes
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relax and expand to store urine‚ and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours. * Two sphincter muscles - circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder. * Nerves in the bladder - alert a person when it is time to urinate‚ or empty the bladder. * Urethra - the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body
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