we have the enlargement of east germany. After the fall Berlin wall the western german landers decided to incoporate the eastern part of the country. We have 2 differents treasties coming which reformulated the other treaties considered (52 paris ECSC‚ 57 Rome EEC The treaty of Maastricht (93) facilitated the final completition of the singel market. We have for first time a European Union. Introduced also the Council of the Regions‚ creation of a timetable to the creation of a new single currency
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Sources of the EU Law. Secondary legislation. Regulations and Directives 1. European Union Law The European Union Law is an unique legal phenomenon developed in the process of European integration within the framework of the European Communities and the European Union; a result of the implementation of the supranational authority of the European institutions. The European Union law is a specific legal system having independent sources and principles that developed at the border-line of international
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based on 3 crucial steps: - Custom union (no more custom barriers for the intra-community exchanges‚ effective on 01/07/1968) - The Single European Act (adopted in 1986‚ fixed at the 01/01/1993 the completion of the Single Market) - Maastricht treaty (1992‚ it opened the way for the Euro as a unique currency for 16 of the 27 member state of the EU) In order to realise the Single Market‚ it was necessary to insure the free trade of people‚ goods‚ services and assets. Therefore‚ national rules
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Constitutional Treaty 2004 – Rejected • EU Treaties: – Rome 1957 (’TEC’) – Maastricht 1992 (’TEU’) – Lisbon 2007 • Economic crisis drove financial integration forward • (new agencies‚ Stability Fund EFSF) Timeline 1952: Treaty of Paris:European Coal and Steel Community 1957: Treaty of Rome: European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community 1973: Denmark‚ Ireland and the UK 1981: Greece 1986: Single European Act: European Political Cooperation 1986: Portugal and Spain 1992: Treaty of Maastricht:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction 1 Section 2 EU LAW – Primary Legislation 2 2.1 Treaty of Rome 2 2.2 The Single European Act 2 2.3 The Maastricht Treaty 3 2.4 The Amsterdam Treaty 3 2.5 The Nice Treaty 3 2.6 The Lisbon Treaty 3 Section 3 EU LAW – Secondary Legislation 3.1 Regulations 4 3.2 Directives 4 3.3 Decisions 5 3.4 Recommendations‚ Opinions and Resolutions 5 Section 4 Crotty v. An Taoiseach - A Landmark Case. 7 Conclusion 9
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many items such as silk‚ perfume‚ opium and incense. Spices were extremely valuable during that time‚ like gold is today; spices were as precious as that. But not all was good‚ in 1580 the trade was interrupted due to the Spanish closing the port of Lisbon to the Dutch-making it impossible for trade to happen. However the Dutch East India Company was establish in 1602. A year later after establishing its first trading post at Banten – on the island of Java‚ shortly after becoming the world’s first multinational
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English aided Portugal in 1147 of The Great Siege of Lisbon‚ during the Second Crusade creating a start of a newfound friendship between the two countries. The Aliança Luso-Britânica was ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 becoming the oldest alliance in the world still in working order agreeing that if‚ at any point one of the royal members need help‚ assistance in a most respected and lawful manner will be delivered if able to do so without any deceit or fraud by the other party. To secure
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The Netherlands‚ Belgium‚ Denmark and Ireland‚ amongst more‚ joined forces as a community in the hope of forming peace along with a sustainable future for their respective countries . In 1951‚ six of these countries formed an agreement and signed a treaty to amalgamate the heavy goods industry under a general management scheme. This was in order to protect each country from using Heavy
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UK constitution COMMON LAW Laws not passed by parliament (traditional laws) - Monarchy - 2012 Changed that it does not have to be the eldest son that takes the crown but eldest child regardless - Sovereignty - Royal Prerogative: the formal powers of the crown. - Traditional Rights and Freedoms: everything is permitted if it is not prohibited. STATUE OF LAW Laws passed by parliament that affect the political system • Made by Parliament. • Primary Legislation/Acts of Parliament.
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organizations and unions. According to Garret (2000‚ pp. 941-991) the most important cause of globalization is related to the international market integration. The major impact on this process has had the appearance of the European Union by Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Peace‚ prosperity‚ stability‚ economic and social progress towards nations and individuals were the main objectives of the EU creation (BBC‚ 2002; Europa‚ n.d a). After twenty years of cooperation different disputes about the benefits and
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