Rosana Abigail Jovel I n this chapter‚ we will explore our knowledge of another system called syntax. It is namely system because syntax is a system of rules and principles that allow us to combine words into large units. We know that words must be organized in a certain order in the sentence (just as affixes and roots occur in certain orders in words). In fact‚ the position of the word in a sentence is often the only way we know its syntactic category (part of speech). For example
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Why is Syntax Important? Syntax is the grammatical tool that deals with how sentences are put together and the relationship between words. It is a very methodical and logical sequence‚ ensuring that sentences are put together using subject‚ verb and object and that the words in the sentence all have agreement‚ so that the correct forms of words are used. Without syntax to structure the language‚ it would simply be a string of words that makes no sense. For example‚ correct syntax would state
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English 123- Introduction to Linguistics Instructor: Mrs. Arlyn Larida Topic: No. 40 The Aquisition of Syntax Student: Jeraijah Rose C. Villarito holophrastic [ˌhɒləˈfræstɪk] adj. 1. (Linguistics) denoting the stage in a child’s acquisition of syntax when most utterances are single words 2. (Linguistics) (of languages) tending to express in one word what would be expressed in several words in other languages; polysynthetic [from holo- + Greek phrastikos expressive‚ from phrazein to express]
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN SYNTAX The concept of ‘sentence’ A sentence is a sequence of words in a particular structural pattern (for example‚ S+V+O+A)‚ and regarded as primary because it comprises a minimum sense of unity and completeness. Sentences are best defined in terms of structure + meaning. I can easily walk that way back. She was feeling affectionate. She did it. *In the rain. Basic concepts in syntax 1. 2. 3. Sentences have parts‚ which may themselves have parts. (constituents)
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4. SYNTAX OF THE PHRASE. (ПОНЯТИЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ) Словосочетание как полиноминативная языковая единица. Соотношение словосочетания и слова‚ словосочетания и предложения. Синтаксис словосочетания как "малый синтаксис" в соотношении с синтаксисом предложения как "большим синтаксисом". Проблема определения словосочетания. Знаменательные‚ формативные и служебные словосочетания. Свободные и устойчивые словосочетания.Эквипотентные и доминационные (подчинительные) связи слов. Последовательная (непосредственно-сочинительная)
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1. The parts of a tree Branch Node Branching‚ non branching Root‚ terminal‚ non-terminal Labels 2. Domination Structural relations - relations that hold between the different parts 2.1 Domination * Node A dominates Node B if and only if A is higher up in the tree than B and if you can trace a line from A to B going only downwards. * A containment relation - see bracketed diagram! Question: What’s proper vs simple domination? 2.2 Exhaustive domination
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1 Set expressions‚ Semi-fixed combinations and Free Phrases Types of Phraseological Units The vocabulary of a language consists not only of words but also word combinations which are differently called. Some of them refer to free word combinations‚ the others are called set expressions and the term phraseological units is often used for them. Set expressions are contrasted to semifixed combinations and free phrases. All these are but different stages of restrictions imposed upon co-occurrence
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similarities between both views‚ including that syntax plays a role in reading‚ that previous knowledge is important‚ and that early reading skills like phonetic awareness are important as well. The differences between the views lies with the focus that each view takes on syntax‚ including the importance of syntax and how syntax is approached with reading instruction. Although the learning view places more importance on words while the acquisition view focuses on syntax‚ there are specific differences and likenesses
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LECTURE 7: SYNTAX. BASIC SYNTACTIC NOTIONS. 1.General characteristics of syntax. The grammatical structure of language comprises two major parts – morphology and syntax. The two areas are obviously interdependent and together they constitute the study of grammar. Morphology deals with paradigmatic and syntagmatic properties of morphological units – morphemes and words. It is concerned with the internal structure of words and their relationship to other words and word forms within the paradigm
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1). Make some general observations about the syntax. Are the sentences predominately simple or complex? Long or short? What’s the level of formality? Any fragments or run-ons‚ any stylistic “violations” of the conventions of grammar? Are there any periodic sentences‚ parallel structures‚ or other special features? 2) Make comments based on your observations about how the author’s use of syntax creates specific effects. 1. From Moby-Dick‚ page 1 Call me Ishmael. Some years ago—never mind how
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