Syntax: Structural Relations
1. The parts of a tree
Branch
Node Branching, non branching Root, terminal, non-terminal
Labels
2. Domination
Structural relations - relations that hold between the different parts
2.1 Domination
* Node A dominates Node B if and only if A is higher up in the tree than B and if you can trace a line from A to B going only downwards. * A containment relation - see bracketed diagram!
Question: What's proper vs simple domination?
2.2 Exhaustive domination
A dominates a set of terminal nodes, provided that:
1. A dominates all embers of the set
2. There is no terminal node dominated by A that's not a member of the set
Constituent - a set of terminal nodes exhaustively dominated by a particular node
Constituent of - B is a constituent of A if and only if A dominates B
2.3 Immediate domination
Immediately dominate - A is the first node that dominates B
Mother
Daughter
Sisters
Root node
Terminal node
Non-terminal node
Immediate constituent of
3. Precedence
Sister precedence - A sister-precedes B iff. both are immediately dominated by the same node, and A appears to the left of B (in English)
Precedence - A precedes B iff.:
* Neither A dominates B nor B dominates A, AND * A or some node dominating A sister-precedes B or some node dominating B * Precedence holds over all nodes, not just terminals
No crossing branches constraint - If X precedes Y, then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y
Immediate precedence - A immediately precedes B if there is no node G that follows A but precedes B
Question: Is 'follows' the opposite of 'precede'?
4. C-command
C-command - A node C-commands its sisters and all the daughters (and granddaughters etc) of its sisters.
Symmetric c-command - between sisters
Asymmetric c-command - aunts & nieces
Government - A governs B if A c-commands B, and there is no node G that is c-commanded by A and
Branch
Node Branching, non branching Root, terminal, non-terminal
Labels
2. Domination
Structural relations - relations that hold between the different parts
2.1 Domination
* Node A dominates Node B if and only if A is higher up in the tree than B and if you can trace a line from A to B going only downwards. * A containment relation - see bracketed diagram!
Question: What's proper vs simple domination?
2.2 Exhaustive domination
A dominates a set of terminal nodes, provided that:
1. A dominates all embers of the set
2. There is no terminal node dominated by A that's not a member of the set
Constituent - a set of terminal nodes exhaustively dominated by a particular node
Constituent of - B is a constituent of A if and only if A dominates B
2.3 Immediate domination
Immediately dominate - A is the first node that dominates B
Mother
Daughter
Sisters
Root node
Terminal node
Non-terminal node
Immediate constituent of
3. Precedence
Sister precedence - A sister-precedes B iff. both are immediately dominated by the same node, and A appears to the left of B (in English)
Precedence - A precedes B iff.:
* Neither A dominates B nor B dominates A, AND * A or some node dominating A sister-precedes B or some node dominating B * Precedence holds over all nodes, not just terminals
No crossing branches constraint - If X precedes Y, then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y
Immediate precedence - A immediately precedes B if there is no node G that follows A but precedes B
Question: Is 'follows' the opposite of 'precede'?
4. C-command
C-command - A node C-commands its sisters and all the daughters (and granddaughters etc) of its sisters.
Symmetric c-command - between sisters
Asymmetric c-command - aunts & nieces
Government - A governs B if A c-commands B, and there is no node G that is c-commanded by A and