the first of the obedience experiments‚ which were also called "shock" studies. The research was invented to check if the people would be ready to harm somebody just to meet the requirements of the experiment. This essay will be focused on the ethical side of the study. Firstly‚ it will be presented how the experiment was performed‚ by describing all of the necessary details. The two next paragraphs will be devoted to the reflections of distinguishing whether the experiment was ethically valid or not
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found in the original experiment (1962) included participants (teacher) giving other participants (learner) dangerous electrical shocks at a very high voltage increasing all the way up to 450 volts. The experimenter (authority) informed both the teacher and the learner participants that although the volts may be painful‚ they are not dangerous. Even though the “teacher” could hear the “learner” yell and scream as they got shocked each time‚ the “teacher” continued with the experiment because the experimenter
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why 65% did not obey. In other words‚ it does not explain individual differences as the volunteers in Milgrams experiment seemed to resist the pressure and Milgram does not explain that. To continue‚ the experiment lacked validity. It did not reflect a real life situation as it is quite unusual to be administering shocks to others if they answered a question incorrectly. The experiment therefore lacked ecological validity which may have lead to demand characteristics. Orne and Holland support this
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the lives of humans since 322 B.C. by greek and roman physicians‚ Aristotle and Erasistratus. These greek and roman physicians first performed animal testing with dissections to obtain more knowledge about the animals they chose to test in their experiments. However‚ the scientists that first introduced animal testing‚ failed to realize that humans and animals do not have the same lineage. Their intentions were to advance scientific understanding‚ to develop solutions to medical problems
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are being killed in laboratories every year (“Mice and Rats in Laboratories”). Every animal that is hurt is equal to one of three people in the U.S. These mice are used in a wide range of experiments from toxicology to depression (“Mice and Laboratories”). Cancer research‚ drug research‚ and psychological experiments are just a few of the ways animals are used (“Mice and Rats in Laboratories”). Animal testing is not accurate because humans and animals do not share dominant characteristics; so it should
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replication of the Hofling Experiment (1966) in 1977‚ nurses who were allowed to consult to whether give an overdose of an unknown drug to a patient to other nurses‚ showed much lower levels of obedience than those nurses who were not allowed to consultation in the Hofling Experiment (Class Hand-out: Hofling Experiment (1966)‚ p. 3). Another external factor which can influence obedience behaviour is whether the authoritative figure is wearing a uniform. The Bickman Experiment (1974)‚ where 153 participants
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a test taking area is to try and limit the amount of distractions as possible. This is done because distractions during a test will affect your performance. In an article written by Donald Super & William Braasch (2010)‚ the authors describe an experiment done in order to observe the effect of distractions on test results. What the experimenters did was they had two different groups taking the Minnesota Vocational Test for Clerical Workers and the Otis Quick-Scoring Mental Ability Test and one group
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Stanley Milgram is a 20th century social psychologist who conducted research into social influence and persuasion. His experiments on obedience remain some of the most frequently cited and controversial in the history of the field. Brown‚ R. (1986)‚ “Social psychologist Stanley Milgram researched the effect of authority on obedience. He concluded people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative--even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.” He argues that
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born with cruelty in them. After reading “The Perils of Obedience”‚ The Kitty Genovese Case”‚ and Darley and Latane’s experiments‚ I realized that humans acts based upon the situation and people around them in a case of emergency. Humans sometimes get confused on whether they should care about the crises or others will take care of it. “The Perils of Obedience” was an experiment done by Stanley Milgram concentrating on the conflict between obedience to the authority and individual’s self. Milgram
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Unethical Psychology Experiments The Aversion Project 1970s and 1980s Psychologists involved: Colonel Aubrey Levin “Dr. Shock” – former chief psychiatrist The Aversion Project took place in South Africa in a top secret project in the 1970s and 1980s. The apartheid army force in South Africa would force white gays and lesbians to undergo many torture experiments as a means of turning them into heterosexuals. Dr. Levin would give the soldiers electric shock‚ sex change‚ chemical castration and many
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