Species diversity 2. Ecosystem diversity Biodiversity 3. Genetic diversity Study aim: Investigate the natural and artificial ecosystems to understand the relationship between the components (e.g plants‚ animals‚ microorganisms‚ soil‚ light‚ and humidity) in each ecosystem‚ the physical factors and the differences between these two ecosystems. Location: 1. Natural ecosystem-Bukit Gasing: The Bukit Gasing Forest Park straddles the border of Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur in
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applied to a mass of dispersed soil particles of various shapes and sizes. Larger particles settle more rapidly than the smaller ones. The hydrometer analysis is an application of Stokes’ law that per- mits the calculation of the grain size distribution in silts and clays‚ where the soil particles are given the sizes of equivalent spherical particles. The density of a soil-water suspension depends upon the concentration and specific gravity of the soil particles. If the suspension is
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and burning the trees to make lands for farming in the forest. “Slash” I allowed to dry until the rainiest part of the year. Farmers begin to prepare a field by cutting down the trees. The slash and burn farming has to be done carefully because the soil can be washed away from a flood. Every step of the farming system
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deterioration (destruction) of the earth’s land surfaces‚ often directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed off properly‚ or can occur when humans throw chemicals unto the soil in the form of pesticides‚ insecticides and fertilizers during agricultural practices. Exploitation of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to the destruction of the earth’s surface. Human actions have also caused many large areas of
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34o C. Although it is likely to perform better on alkaline soils (NAS 1983)‚ there are many examples of it growing well on acid soils. Correlation and multiple regression analysis show that topsoil depth is the most important indicator of site quality for falcataria (Dalmacio 1987). The most productive sites had at least 19-26 cm of well drained topsoil with at least 3-8% organic matter and an exchangeable potassium of 0.36 meq/100 g of soil. ESTABLISHMENT.-
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invasion of industrial culture on their once simple lives. Soil erosion is another consequence of deforestation. Although these forests appear to be flourishing‚ the soils beneath are very poor. The problem is that once forests have been cut down‚ crucial nutrients are washed out of the soil completely. This leads to soil erosion. When there are no trees to keep the soil in place‚ it dries and cracks under the sun’s heat. If the soil temperature exceeds 25 degrees centigrade‚ explosive nutrient
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interactions becoming skewed or unsettled can lead to a rapid decline in the numbers of the mangroves in any environment. A relatively simple example of this would be to project the effects of having a sudden decrease in the pH levels of the water and soil surrounding the mangroves. This could easily occur due to pollution and improper disposal of waste products. At lower pH levels (more acidic environments)‚ the mangroves will begin to be poisoned. Aside from the obvious corrosive properties of having
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other words‚ it is the destruction of forests. These directly and indirectly affect us. Thus‚ deforestation is a serious type of environmental degradation. Soil erosion: Soil erosion can be defined as the destruction of the top layer of the soil as a result of natural or human activities. Soil erosion refers to the carrying away of soil. Soil erosion is also serious type of environmental degradation. It affects crop production‚ pollutes water resources and causes many other direct and indirect problems
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and interactions. As a result‚ wetlands are among our planet’s most diverse and varied habitats. Wetlands are defined by the soils‚ hydrology‚ and species that occur within them. Wetland soils‚ also known as hydric soils‚ are shaped by water. These soils are saturated or even submerged all or part of the year. Hydric soils vary depending on the composition of the soil and water in the area and therefore‚ wetlands vary greatly throughout the world. Wetlands occur in all ecological regions throughout
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and mixed spring vegetation (White‚ 2016). However‚ soil erosion‚ desertification‚ loss of biodiversity are natural processes that can lead to land degradation. According to (VanWesten‚ 2013) these processes and related events are likely to accelerate/aggravate other natural hazards such as dust storms and hurricanes at different scales yet most countries still pay little attention to land maintenance when carrying out physical developments. Soil moisture is the main source of natural water for natural
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