2 INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTOGRAPHY 2.1 WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY? The word cryptography comes from the Greek words κρυπτο (hidden or secret) and γραφη (writing). Oddly enough‚ cryptography is the art of secret writing. More generally‚ people think of cryptography as the art of mangling information into apparent unintelligibility in a manner allowing a secret method of unmangling. The basic service provided by cryptography is the ability to send information between participants in a way that prevents
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Perfect numbers Mathematicians have been fascinated for millenniums by the properties and patterns of numbers. They have noticed that some numbers are equal to the sum of all of their factors (not including the number itself). Such numbers are called perfect numbers. A perfect number is a whole number‚ an integer greater than zero and is the sum of its proper positive devisors‚ that is‚ the sum of the positive divisors excluding the number itself. Equivalently‚ a perfect number is a number that is
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A rational number is a number that can be written as a ratio of two integers. The decimal of a rational number will either repeat or terminate. There is a way to tell in advance whether a rational number’s decimal representation will repeat or terminate. When trying to find a pattern in the relationship between rational numbers and their decimals‚ it is best to start with a list. A random list of rational numbers and their decimal values was made in order to find a pattern. The list included ½‚ 5/6
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The Number Devil Prima Donna Numbers Prima- donna numbers is another name for prime numbers. Prima- donna numbers/ prime numbers can only be divided evenly by one and itself. In The Number Devil‚ the Number Devil does the prima-donna numbers from 0 to 50. I created a chart‚ just like in the number devil and figured out which ones are prima-donna numbers. The number 0 does not count because if you divide a number by 0 the answer will always be 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
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Fibonacci number From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia A tiling with squares whose side lengths are successive Fibonacci numbers An approximation of the golden spiral created by drawing circular arcs connecting the opposite corners of squares in the Fibonacci tiling; this one uses squares of sizes 1‚ 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 5‚ 8‚ 13‚ 21‚ and 34. In mathematics‚ the Fibonacci numbers or Fibonacci series or Fibonacci sequence are the numbers in the following integer sequence:[1][2] 0‚\;1‚\;1‚\;2‚\;3
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3 is a number‚ numeral‚ and glyph. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4. In mathematics Three is approximately π when doing rapid engineering guesses or estimates. The same is true if one wants a rough-and-ready estimate of e‚ which is actually approximately 2.71828. Three is the first odd prime number‚ and the second smallest prime. It is both the first Fermat prime and the first Mersenne prime‚ the only number that is both‚ as well as the first lucky prime. However‚ it is
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REAL NUMBERS Q.1 Determine the prime factorization of the number 556920. (1 Mark) (Ans) 23 x 32 x 5 x 7 x 13 x 17 Explanation : Using the Prime factorization‚ we have 556920 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 13 x 17 = 23 x 32 x 5 x 7 x 13 x 17 Q.2 Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 210 and 55. (1 Mark) (Ans) 5 Explanation: 5 ‚ Given integers are 210 and 55 such that 210 > 55. Applying Euclid’s division leema to 210 and 55‚ we get 210 = 55 x 3 + 45 ………
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The Number Devil The Number Devil - A Mathematical Adventure‚ by Hans Magnus Enzensberger‚ begins with a young boy named Robert who suffers from reoccurring nightmares. Whether he’s getting slurped up by a giant fish‚ sliding down an endless slide into a black hole‚ or falling into a raging river‚ his incredibly detailed dreams always seem to have a negative effect on him. Robert’s nightmares either frighten him‚ make him angry‚ or disappoint him. His one wish is to never dream again; however‚
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Number A-7713 “Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. […] Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things‚ even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never” (Wiesel). This quote‚ taken from the book Night by Elie Wiesel‚ testifies to the concept of transformation for Eliezer‚ a Jewish teenager who was forced to experience the horrors of the Holocaust. Eliezer‚ when living
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plurals-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Irregular plurals from Latin and Greek------------------------------------------------7 Words better known in the plural-----------------------------------------------------10 Plurals of numbers-----------------------------------------------------------------------11 Plurals and units of measure----------------------------------------------------------11 Plurals of headless nouns--------------------------------------------------------------11
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