of the powerful new state Burgundy in 1369 (ended in 1477) led to the rise of heavy artillery and tight battle formations The Great Schizm Where: Europe What: split in Europe revolving around two separate popes‚ resolved by the Council of Constance (1414-1418) where Martin V was elected pope When: 1378-1417 Significance: idea of purgatory began‚ remission of sin for good works purgatory as a place to wait until sins fully purged Ciompi Revolt: Where: Florence When: 1378 (late 14th century) Who:
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conqueror- king of England who beat Harold at the battle of Hastings Common law-a legal system based on custom and court rulings Jury- group of men sworn to tell the truth King john- clever‚ cruel‚ and untrustworthy ruler who faced king Phillips II‚ pope innocent III‚ and his English nobles Magna Carta- a great charter Due process of law-clause that formed the basis of the right we know today Habeas corpus- the principle that no person can be held in prison without being charged with a specific
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I. INTELLECTUAL‚ RELIGIOUS‚ & POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 15TH & 16TH CENTURIES A. Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation‚ 1300-1600 A.1. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance A.1.a.i. Setting the Stage The late Middle Ages saw a suffering Europe. The plague and war took their toll‚ and the survivors began to question the Church‚ and their spirit of survival inspired northern Italian writers and artists to begin experimenting with different styles. a. Italy’s Advantages The Renaissance
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created‚ the first literal translation of the Latin Vulgate Bible into English‚ was more a work of his followers than him but tradition still tends to attribute it to Wycliffe. (1408) Henry IV was king of England from 1399 to 1413. King Henry IV married Joanna of Navarre during his reign in 1403. King Henry IV suffered from an unnamed illness which caused him to die in 1413. Prince Hal succeeded his father to the throne of England as King Henry V. (1399-1413) During the Great Schism‚ there are
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4. Power Christianity Crusades- Christians believed strongly in their faith and felt the need to exercise it in every way possible. The Crusades were seen as a way to unite European Christians in a common cause. Pope Urban saw this as a chance to make the kings and noble vassals be submissive to him under his spiritual leadership The main issue at hand was 4. 4. 4. 4. whether or not a Holy War was the Christian task to undertake. Much discussion of the issue
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Luther who was educated by the Brothers of Common Life and joined a monastery. Nails 95 theses against the door of castle church in Wittenberg on 1517. Attacked church saying only two sacraments were biblical‚ Eucharist and Baptism. He openly attacked pope. Translates New Testament into German. Diet of Worms- Martin Luther is invited to talk with Charles V and discuss his views‚ but when Luther shows up he is forced to recant. He leaves by taking his recant back and he goes into hiding. Reformation
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The Medici was a well-known family throughout Florence. They were very wealthy and manifested great power. From the year 1434 to the year 1534 we see many changes occur involving this particular family. One sees everything from the reign of Cosimo the Elder to the exile of the Medici from the city to their great return to power in Florence. Lets focus on the years 1434‚ 1534‚ and everything that happened in between. Cosimo the Elder was a well-respected man among the Florentines. He came from
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their morals. In a letter from pope Innocent IV to the Great Khan‚ he states‚ “…you do not cease from breaking the bonds of natural ties‚ sparing neither sex nor age‚ you rage against all indiscriminately with the sword of chastisement.” Replying to this letter‚ Changgis Khan states that the “heaven” the Pope believes in helped the Mongols in their journey to conquer great lands. If the Pope wants to questions the Mongol’s morals‚ he would have to know that the Pope to them is a foe. (Doc. 9). Even
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Laborem Exercens Pope John Paul II‚ 1981‚ On Human Work Laborem Exercens commemorates the ninetieth anniversary of Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum Novarum. The context of which it was written then was that of the emerging crisis of the Communist systems in Central and Eastern Europe (Solidarity). Pope John Paul II understood just how that system had failed to recognize the dignity of work. From his experience‚ he became aware that any form of mater
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of the People of God and the Pilgrim Church as images of the Church‚ according to the teaching of The Second Vatican Council. These images are foundational to Lumen Gentium.[i] We will discuss the roots of these images sprouting in the rich soil of Pope John XXIII’s revolutionary papacy and the resourcement approach of the Council Fathers; reveal the essence of the People of God as the Body of Christ and a people ‘groaning inwardly’ on pilgrimage; and illumine the inspiringly balanced‚ scriptural
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