foaming‚ good-rinsing‚ non-drying and mildness. Other surfactants and ingredients that can be used are LSB‚ Plantapon 2000‚ Amphosol CG‚ Hydrolyzed Protein‚ Aloe Vera‚ Hydrosol‚ Panthenol‚ Crothix‚ Humectant and an Extract. FDA approved aluminium oxide crystals present in cleansers provide the best exfoliation medium in terms of its ideal size‚ shape and molecular
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How does acid precipitation affect marble and limestone buildings? Acid rain is a type of precipitation that is characterised by containing contaminating substances such as sulphuric and nitric acid‚ both of which have harmful effects on the environment. Both marble and limestone are extremely vulnerable to the damages done by acid rain due to their components. These materials contain calcite‚ a substance that easily reacts and dissolves with acid. Acid rain is the cause of the destruction of many
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reaction 6.5 Production of energy 6 Chemical reactions 7.6 Speed of reaction 7.7 Reversible reactions 7.8 Redox 7 Acids‚ bases and salts 8.9 The characteristic properties of acids and bases 8.10 Types of oxides 8.11 Preparation of salts 8.12 Identification of ions and gases 8 Periodic table 9.13 Periodic trends 9.14 Group properties 9.15 Transition elements 9.16 Noble gases 9 Metals 10.1 Properties
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NANOPARTICLES. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. Nanometer-sized particles offer novel structural‚ optical and electronic properties that are not attainable with individual molecules or bulk solids. Advances in nanomedicine can be made by engineering nanoparticles that are capable of targeted delivery of drugs. This leads toward the concept and possibility of personalized medicine for the potential
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Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Students should be able to… recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change convert word equations into formula equations perform a series of chemical reactions in order to recycle the element copper determine the percent recovery of elemental copper Challenge: How good and accurate a chemist are you? Given a solution of Cu(NO3)2‚ what percentage of elemental copper can you recover from the original solution? Materials:
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gasoline and other fuels in automobiles‚ trucks‚ and jet airplanes produce the most common pollutants‚ nitrogen oxides‚ gaseous hydrocarbons‚ and carbon monoxide‚ as well as particles of matter like lead. When nitrogen oxides combine with hydrocarbons they form other types of pollutants‚ like ozone‚ peroxyacetylnitrate which stings the eyes‚ and nitrogen dioxide which forms when nitrogen oxides react with oxygen. In cities where transportation is the major cause of pollution‚ nitrogen dioxide colors the
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Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the world; however it can be quite expensive due to the extraction method‚ electrolysis. Aluminium ore is called bauxite‚ it is then purified into a white powder (aluminium oxide) then the aluminium can be extracted. To turn it into aluminium they heat the powder till it’s molten so electricity can pass through it. Its melting point is over 2‚000 Celsius‚ so it would therefore be quite expensive. One way of cutting costs is by dissolving it in molten cryolite
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Acid Base And Salt Acid Acids:- The word ‘Acid’ came from Latin word ‘Acidus or Acere’ which means sour. Sour taste is the most common characteristic of acid. Acid turns blue litmus paper red. There are many substances which contain acid and hence taste sour‚ such as curd‚ tamarind‚ lemon‚ etc. Types of Acids:- Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence – Natural acids and Mineral acids. Natural Acid:- Acids which are obtained from natural sources are called natural
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THE MOLE CONCEPT References : Mohammed and Lambert ( Old Edition) Chapter 11 pg. 107 Mohammed and Lambert ( New edition) Chapter 8 pg 123 Anne Tindale Chapter 10 pg 46 The following topics will be covered : 1. Definition of Relative Atomic and Relative Molecular Masses. 2. Calculation of Relative Molecular Masses 3. Converting Moles to Grams / Grams to Moles 4. Calculation from equations Masses of substances /Volumes of gases / Concentration
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consists of hard abrasive grains called grits‚ which perform the cutting or material removal‚ held in the weak bonding matrix. A grinding wheel commonly identified by the type of the abrasive material used. The conventional wheels include aluminium oxide and silicon carbide wheels while diamond and cBN (cubic boron nitride) wheels fall in the category of superabrasive wheel. 28.1 Specification of grinding wheel A grinding wheel requires two types of specification (a) Geometrical specification (b)
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