I. CATEGORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE WORD 1. Notion of Opposition. Oppositions in Morphology The most general meanings rendered by language and expressed by systemic correlations of word-forms are interpreted in linguistics as categorial grammatical meanings. The forms rendering these meanings are identified within definite paradigmatic series. The grammatical category is a system of expressing a generalized grammatical meaning by means of paradigmatic correlation of grammatical forms
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formation process in which a derivational affix attaches to the base form of a word to create a new word. Affixes‚ which include prefixes and suffixes‚ are bound morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest linguistic unit of a language with semantic meaning. Bound morphemes‚ unlike free morphemes‚ cannot stand alone but must attach to another morpheme such as a word. For example‚ the following two lists provide examples of some common prefixes and suffixes with definitions in English: Prefixes a- – without
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Cristo‚ Joy Mariette B. Remedial Instruction in English Malabanan‚ Liezl Euness Prof. Mary Ann Perdon VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION What is Vocabulary? * Vocabulary refers to the words we must know to comprehend and communicate effectively. * Vocabulary can be described as oral vocabulary or reading vocabulary. * Oral vocabulary refers to words that we use or recognize in listening. * Reading vocabulary refers to words we recognize or use in print. Vocabulary plays
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Spanglish is a well-known term that describes the linguistic behaviors on Spanish speakers‚ who’s Spanish is uniquely influenced from the English language. Spanglish can also be defined as a “mixed-code vernacular that includes a range of linguistic phenomena‚ most notably code-switching”. Despite the fact that Puerto Rican linguist‚ Salvador Tio‚ coined the term ‘Spanglish’ in the late 1940’s‚ this language contact phenomena has actually been used over the past 150 years‚ since the Treaty of Guadalupe
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landmark in the field of word-formation 13 CHAPTER TWO: WORD STRUCTURE AND LEXEME-FORMATION FEATURES 20 II.1. The linguistic sign. What is a word? 20 II.1.1. The equivocal interpretation of ‘Word’ 21 II.2. Classification and structure of morphemes 23 II.2.1. Roots‚ stems‚ bases 25 II.3. The lexical side of word-formation 27 II.3.1. Established and potential words 27 II.3.2. Word-formation processes - their status and role as word-building mechanisms 27 CHAPTER THREE: PRODUCTIVITY
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languages. Apte‚ M. L. (1968) has given a detail description of reduplication process and it structure in Marathi. He writes “the term reduplication may now be defined as either the repetition of an entire or a particle phoneme sequence of a stem morpheme which‚ together with the stem‚
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is the study of words: their categories‚ their internal structure‚ and the operations that form them. Important topics and concepts found in this chapter include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Morphological terminology Identifying morphemes Identifying lexical categories Analyzing word structure Derivation Compounding Inflection Morphological processes Morphology problems Morphophonemics MORPHOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY The following terms are crucial to understanding morphology. You should
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Affixes an Compound Words AFFIXES An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational‚ like English -ness and pre-‚ or inflectional‚ like English plural -s and past tense -ed. They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Affixation is‚ thus‚ the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation)‚ or the end (suffixation) of words. TYPES
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distributional analysis‚ full and empty morphemes‚ free and bound morphemes‚ overt and covert morphemes‚ segmental and suprа-segmental morphemes‚ additive and replacive morphemes‚ continuous and discontinuous morphemes As shown in the previous unit‚ the morpheme is the elementary meaningful lingual unit built up from phonemes and used to make words. It has meaning‚ but its meaning is abstract‚ significative‚ not concrete‚ or nominative‚ as is that of the word. Morphemes constitute the words; they do not
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3. Jargon 4. The core vocabulary 5. The learned vocabulary 6. Dialect 7. Inflection 6. Linguistic knowledge 3 Language classification (a) Isolating Each idea expressed in a separate word or morpheme; words tend to be monosyllabic e.g‚ Chinese; (b) Agglutinative Words made of multiple syllables; each syllable has meaning e.g.‚ Turkish. For example‚ ev (house)‚ evler (houses)‚ evlerde (in the houses)‚ evlerden (from the houses)
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