Course Group & Folder EE2323:Microprocessors & Computer Architecture Spring 2013 • Course Yahoo Group – http://groups.yahoo.com/group/maju_ee2323/ • Course Folder – \\dataserver\jinnah$\M Tahir\EE2323 Microprocessor Lecture 2 February 22‚ 2013 2/23/2013 2 Microprocessor based System • A Microprocessor-based systems consists of central processing unit (CPU)‚ memories‚ I/O Devices and other peripherals. • CPU takes input from I/O devices such as keyboards CPU processes data in internal
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN’S REVIEW QUESTIONS From “Computer Organization and Architecture” book‚ by W. Stallings - 8th edition - Pearson PAGE 15 - CHAPTER 1 / INTRODUCTION Review Questions 1.1. What‚ in general terms‚ is the distinction between computer organization and computer architecture? Computer organization is how devices is implemented. Computer architecture is those atributes visible to the programer. Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible
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Computers) were developed through the innovation of Intel’s microprocessors. In the early 70’s increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had dramatically reduced the profitability of this market this made Intel to shift the company’s focus to microprocessors. From the late 80s until the late 90s Intel had a 10-year period of unprecedented growth as the primary hardware supplier to the PC industry‚ supplying microprocessor to IBM. Intel’s product line of Pentium processors had
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competition became fierce and the PC market began to take hold. Intel executives later made a dramatic decision to exit the DRAM business and focus resources on the Intel invented microprocessors. In January 1997‚ Intel was ranked among the top five American companies. For the most part‚ Intel’s success had been due to its microprocessors. Notwithstanding the company’s remarkable history and success‚ company executives worried about the challenges ahead. Almost thirty years later‚ the questions are‚ "How can
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(VLIW) Computer Architecture ABSTRACT VLIW architectures are distinct from traditional RISC and CISC architectures implemented in current mass-market microprocessors. It is important to distinguish instruction-set architecture—the processor programming model—from implementation—the physical chip and its characteristics. VLIW microprocessors and superscalar implementations of traditional instruction sets share some characteristics—multiple execution units and the ability to execute multiple operations
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INTEL CORPORATION: 1968 – 1997 Synopsis: This case traces the strategic decisions of Intel Corporation which defined its evolution from being a start-up developer of semiconductor memory chips in 1968 to being the industry leader of microprocessors in 1997 when it ranked amongst the top five American companies and had stock market valuation of USD 113 billion. Intel in DRAM business: The strategies employed by Intel for DRAM business focussed on: 1. Pushing the envelope of product design
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Definition of: embedded system Any electronic system that uses a computer chip‚ but that is not a general-purpose workstation‚ desktop or laptop computer. Such systems use microcontrollers (MCUs) or microprocessors (MPUs)‚ or they may use custom-designed chips. Deployed by the billions each year in myriad applications‚ the embedded systems market uses the lion’s share of all the electronic components in the world. Embedded systems are employed in automobiles‚ planes‚ trains‚ space vehicles
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integrated circuits in 1958. Integrated circuits replaced transistors‚ and many computer languages came out in this time. Many more computer companies were born during this time‚ and eventually this led to personal computers for everyday use. Microprocessors introduced the beginning of the "Fourth Generation" and a time where computers were in almost every house. (Wiley‚ 1985) The history of gadgets spans as far back as humanity itself - since hominids began creating tools to make their lives easier
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and usually dedicated to a single task. The fundamental components include a processor core (C.P.U)‚ memory‚ system clock and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications‚ in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications. MCUs have been used in almost every application that requires certain amount of intelligence. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices‚ such as
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processor meant for a calculator. It processed data in 4 bits‚ but its instructions were 8 bits long. Program and data were separate. In 1972‚ Texax Instruments followed the Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit TMS 1000‚ which was the first microprocessor to include enough RAM‚ and space for a program ROM‚ to allow it to operate without multiple external support chips. It also featured an innovative feature to add custom instructions to the CPU. The 8080 was the successor to the 8008 in April
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