Cardiovascular diseases include a wide range of heart abnormalities‚ as well as diseases of other parts of the circulatory system‚ such as the coronary arteries‚ ther cerebrovascular system‚ the aorta and pulmonary vessels‚ and the peripheral arteries and veins. Abnormalities of these structures may be either congenital or acquired over time. It has been said that cardiovascular disease kills about 954‚000 people annually‚ including more than 156‚000 people under the age of sixty-five years.
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Introduction In the United States‚ Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) remains the greatest common cause of death. Cardiovascular Diseases‚ also known as the common heart diseases‚ are any conditions that involve blocked blood vessels that can lead to either a heart attack or other heart problems. The common types of CVD are coronary artery disease‚ high blood pressure‚ stroke‚ and arrhythmia. CVD is a major disease that will not show any symptoms until the disease is at its extreme. Yet numerous adults
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everywhere. I asked her why she needed to take so many pills. She sat me down and talked to me about what diabetes is‚ and how it runs through our family. After having that talk at such an early age I became interested not only in diabetes but other diseases as well. This as well as my experience shadowing a pathologist led me to the area of research known as pathology. I am applying to the Pathobiology and Translational Science Ph.D. program at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. My interest
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Cardiovascular system consists of the heart which pumping and transporting blood to the body through blood vessels which is the other part of the cardiovascular system. The blood vessels consist of veins‚ capillaries‚ and arteries. Each one of the blood vessels has a specific function such as arteries which transfer the blood from the heart to the whole body‚ and veins which have the reverse process which carries the blood back to the heart. This is a simple definition of cardiovascular system. Then
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same time‚ they are not aware of how important regular exercise is for their health. The majority of people do not know that regular exercise helps people to protect from heart disease‚ obesity‚ back pain. This situation causes to increase some diseases such as heart attack‚ obesity and diabetes. On the other hand‚ the risk of getting ill decreases in people who exercise regularly. Some scientific researches also show that people who exercise regularly
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Abstract: Atherosclerosis is one of the important cardiovascular disease‚ which often leads to narrowed arteries that obstruct the flow of oxygenated blood which may limit the oxygen delivery to the heart muscle and can lead to a heart attack. The blood flow through these narrow arteries is often restored by inserting folding structures‚ named Stent. A Stent is small expandable mesh-tube like device that is used to treat narrow arteries and allow the passage of oxygenated blood to heart. The aim
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The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Fut ure Refinement s Jacqueline Fawcett‚ Ph.D.‚ F.A.A.N. Abstract The central concepts and themes of t he discipline of nursing are identified and formalized as nursing’s metaparadigm. Examples illustrate the direction provided by the metaparadigm for theory development. Refinements of the metaparadigm through conceptual models and programs of nursing research are proposed. T he discipline of nursing will advance only through continuous
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concepts of nursing that she identifies as being concepts central to nursing and explore how this is expressed in Judith Christensen ’s (1990) Nursing Partnership Model. The following discussion seeks to analyse the metaparadigm concept of ’person ’ according to Christensen (1990). To facilitate this‚ it is important to discover what is meant by metaparadigm and to further explore what a conceptual model is. This will lead to a better understanding of what Fawcett means by the four metaparadigm concepts
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Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Large scale studies have been undertaken to find the risk factors for many common diseases‚ including CVD. Epidemiologists (scientists who study patterns in the occurrence of disease) look for correlations between a disease and specific risk factors. Two commonly used designs for this type of study are; • Cohort studies- a group of people are followed over time to see who develops a disease • Case control studies- a group of people who have the disease are compared
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Pericardial effusion is a cardiovascular disease‚ and it arises when too much fluid accumulates around the heart and the pericardium. Signs and symptoms may not surface‚ even if one has severe pericardial effusion‚ notably when the fluid has accumulated slowly. However‚ if signs are present‚ they may include: cough‚ pain when breathing while lying down (orthopnea)‚ fatigue‚ low-grade fever‚ shortness of breath‚ difficulty breathing (dyspnea)‚ chest pain (on the left side of the chest or behind the
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