The Great City of Calicut Located on the Malabar (southwestern) Coast of India was its port city of Calicut. Calicut‚ Kozhikode‚ was the capitol of a state which served as an important‚ if not the most important‚ state in the region in which it lay. Although Calicut lay on the coast‚ there was no place along its shore deep enough for ships to anchor. Still‚ as early as the fourteenth century‚ Calicut conducted a considerable amount of trade. According to the primary sources of Ibn Battuta‚ Ma Huan
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Bartolomeu Dias explored under the Portuguese flag to go past the Cape of Good Hope in order to find a faster and quicker route to India. Dias traveled west‚ and then south‚ down coast of Africa until his crew reached the point of mutiny and forced him to turn back. Dias dropped a padrão at the farthest spot he reached. A padrão is a seven foot limestone column that the Portuguese used to mark their discoveries (“Bartolomeu Dias”‚ World History‚ ABC-CLIO). Dias would later help design the ships that
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“The European Union – The Road To Lisbon” Why and how was the European Union created? The predecessor of the European Union was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It was a collaboration of 6 nations (West Germany‚ France‚ Italy‚ Belgium‚ Netherlands and Luxembourg)‚ formed in 1951. Its aim was to unify Western Europe after World War II‚ to ensure peace and stability in Europe and to prevent division amongst allies by increasing the economic interdependencies of these countries. In the
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important issue of the nature and degree of restrictions imposed by European Union on the nations states. The aim of this essay is to evaluate the nature and degree to which EU undermines national sovereignty. The work will include analysis of the Lisbon treaty that established the modern order of affairs. Then‚ the extent of
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1. Describe the early-warning mechanisms‚ its possible benefits and difficulties national parliaments might face applying it. The Treaty of Lisbon presents an early warning mechanism (EWM) which enables national parliaments (NPs) to intercede straightforwardly at the EU level. In association with this‚ the national parliaments may now raise protests and even assume a part in obstructing the EU enactment. The Constitutional Treaty variant of the early warning mechanism with the use
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General Principles As the written sources of EU law cannot always provide a solution for every question which comes before CJEU‚ there is what has become known as general principles of law. These principles originate from the laws of individual member states‚ such as equality and from interpretations of treaty articles. The legal basis for the incorporation of these principles can be found under Article 263 TFEU‚ which states infringement of rule of law‚ and in Article 340 TFEU there is a direct
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all aimed at rearranging the constitutional and legislative frameworks among its major institutions. The latest of such treaties was the Treaty of Lisbon adopted in 2007 and one which accorded the European parliament to a higher legislative and constitutional level1. As has been the case with most EU Treaties‚ at the centre stage of the Treaty of Lisbon was the distribution of constitutional and legislative powers among key institutions of the EU (the European Parliament‚ the Council of Ministers/
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Singapore Management University | The enhancement of the European Parliament: Effects on Policies | | Suriagandhi Selathorai 11/13/2012 | The enhancement of the European Parliament: Effects on Policies Introduction The European Parliament (EP) was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. In the original institutional design of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)‚ the EP was not intended to play any key major roles. The EP was one of the oldest common institutions where
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Introduction To fully appreciate the position of the European Council within the European Union we first took a brief look at how the European Union came about. The European project first started soon after the second world with the creation of the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) to harmonise relations between the Nations of Europe and to prevent any further conflicts of the scale of the wars that had preceded its creation. The new spirit of cooperation aimed to bring about a new era of
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long shot‚ but to which the Union is slowly approaching. Common Security and Defence Policy is part of Common Foreign and Security Policy‚ the former second intergovernmental pillar of the European Union structure. With the introduction of the Lisbon Treaty there are no more pillars distinctions anymore‚ however de facto the pillars structure still takes place‚ especially in the spheres most sensitive
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