In the Pacific area‚ the vast majority of the pidgins derive their vocabulary from English and therefore are referred to as English-based. In the Southwest Pacific‚ the most widespread pidgin languages are spoken in Melanesia‚ that includes the lingua franca in Papua New Guinea – Tok Pisin. Tok Pisin is greatly used in everyday life‚ on radio and television‚ in government and the Parliament‚ and plays a big role in religion. Unlike the other pidgins‚ Tok Pisin has also accpeted a written form. There
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Argot (pronounced /ˈɑrɡoʊ/; French‚ Spanish‚ Romanian and Catalan for "slang") is a secret language used by various groups—including‚ but not limited to‚ thieves and other criminals—to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. The term argot is also used to refer to the informal specialized vocabulary from a particular field of study‚ hobby‚ job‚ sport‚ etc. The author Victor Hugo was one of the first to research argot extensively.[1] He describes it in his novel‚ Les Misérables‚
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constitution declares both English and Filipino as the official language of the country for both languages are commonly used in Metro Manila which is the center of the Philippines and the Nation’s capital. Currently‚ there are 12 major languages or lingua franca that are used as language of instruction. These major languages are Tagalog‚ Kapampangan‚ Pangasinense‚ Iloko‚ Bikol‚ Cebuano‚ Hiligaynon‚ Waray‚ Tausug‚ Maguindanaoan‚ Maranao‚ and
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The British Isles have always been a multilingual landscape‚ and the language or rather languages have always been in constant change. The Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ heritage‚ the Viking invasion‚ the Norman invasion‚ the deep penetration of Latin as the lingua franca /ˌlɪŋgwə ˈfraŋkə/ a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers
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Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Winford‚ D [ 2 ]. Winford‚ D. (2003). An introduction to contact linguistics. USA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. [ 3 ]. Ostler‚ N. (2010). The last Lingua Franca: English until the return of Babel. New York: Walker and Company publishers. [ 4 ]. Ostler‚ N. (2010). The last Lingua Franca: English until the return of Babel. New York: Walker and Company publishers. [ 5 ]. Thomason‚ G. (2001). Language contact. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press [ 6 ] [ 7 ]. Winford
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1.Distinguish between pidgins and creoles. Pidgin language is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. It is most commonly used in situations such as trade‚ or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they live in (but where there is no common language between the groups). In addition‚ pidgins have a distinct set of characteristics that make them differ from the
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ratio for English is estimated to be between 2 to 1 and 4 to 1. With this preponderance of NNS speakers of English‚ it seems clear that NNS–NNS communication is far more common than NS–NS or NNS–NS communication; in other words‚ English used as a lingua franca (ELF) is by far the most common form of English in the world today. But can ELF be considered a variety of English in its own right? Descriptions of World Englishes normally follow geographical classification into ‘inner circle’ countries (where
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words from other languages and easy creation of compounds and derivatives. Most world languages have contributed some words to English. Though English is a world language there are some ideas of creating a lingua franca which will be the vehicle for international communication. Such a lingua franca can become Esperanto. Created in 1887 by Ludvig Zamenhof as a means of unifying the whole world it’s spoken by 8 mln people all over
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English is already lingua franca of the United States. Lingua franca means a popular language that is used throughout the country. Many people in U.S.A use English as a first language. Another example‚ pilots have to learn English to use it when they fly. Another example is in Saudi Arabia‚ which is my country‚ the doctors have to learn English and that’s weird how the doctors in other countries‚ which have Arabic as an official language‚ must learn English. Being the lingua franca is one of the reasons
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its high frequency all over the globe. First of all‚ the vast influence of Britain as a former colonial power; secondly‚ the subsequent dominance‚ politically and economically‚ of the United States. For example‚ English often functions as a ‘lingua franca’ – a term for a language used by people who do not have a common language. In addition‚ the teaching of English as a second language is widespread. In recent years‚ however‚ the impact of the English language has increased. As the internet has
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