contain nitrogen that has one lone pair; this enables it to form 3 covalent bonds with other atoms‚ all while staying neutral. Due to an amines basicity‚ reaction with an acid is very easy and forms a positively charged ammonium ion. As well as being a strong base‚ amines are also quite good nucleophiles. When the nitrogen is directly attached to one or two R groups is more nucleophillic than when directly attached to a hydrogen atom. The reason behind this is due to the electron donating ability of
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The two compounds you used are very similar in structure with one very important difference of the hydroxyl group on 4-phenylphenol that isn’t present in biphenyl. This hydroxyl group makes 4-phenylphenol more polar because of the possibility of hydrogen bonds between the compound and the silica on the
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AP Chemistry Final Exam Review ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 1) Explain the difference between a qualitative and a quantitative measurement. Provide examples to illustrate this difference. Answer: A qualitative measurement is a measurement that gives descriptive‚ nonnumeric results; a quantitative measurement is a measurement that gives definite‚ usually numeric results. "The rock is heavy" would be a qualitative measurement. "The rock weighs 110
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0620/12 CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2010 45 Minutes Additional Materials: *8778752636* Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction
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A molecule of water consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds. Water as a liquid is vital to existence and plays extremely important roles in many aspects of both plant and animal lives. These aspects include temperature control‚ support‚ chemical reactions‚ transport and protection. Without the ability to control our temperature‚ we as humans would not be able to survive in our natural environment. If our internal body temperature was to rise or fall even a few degrees
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How does this occur though‚ and why? What’s the chemistry behind it all? To find out we must begin with redox reactions. WHAT IS REDOX CHEMISTRY? Electrons are the driving force behind all chemical reactions. Electrons make it possible for atoms to bond to other atoms to form molecules‚ and when this happens‚ a huge amount of energy can be exchanged in the process. But not all chemical reactions involve the changing of electrons between atoms‚ acid based reactions for example involve the exchange
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pharma applications Engineered Biocatalysts Codexis keto-reductases transaminases Applications of microwaves in organic synthesis Uses of super critical carbon dioxide Uses for super critical water Photocatalysts Synthesis methods for hydrogen peroxide Ozone in waste minimization Green catalysts (Environcats) Polymer supported reagents Haber process Green
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Individual Investigation - Chemistry Relationship Between H3O+ Concentration and Red Cabbage Indicator Usage Introduction Figure 1: Red Cabbage and Natural Universal Indicator Colour Changes I have always been interested in environmental conservation and colourful ‚ and was one day transferred back to a particular day in the kitchen‚ as a young child‚ while observing my mother cook red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) coleslaw‚ which is naturally a rich purple in colour
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1 Ethene may be converted into poly(ethene). What type of reaction is this? (A) Condensation (B) Hydrolysis (C) Oxidation/reduction (D) Polymerisation 2001:1 1 2 You have carried out a first-hand investigation to compare the reactivity of an alkene with its corresponding alkane. (a) State the name of the alkene. 2002:16(a) 1 (b) Outline a procedure to compare the reactivity of this alkene with its corresponding alkane. 2002:16(b) 2 (c) Describe the
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Oxidation Number When elements combine to produce a compound‚ each element is assigned an “apparent” charge. This apparent charge‚ the charge an atom would have if both electrons in each bond were assigned to the more electronegative element‚ may be positive or negative. It is called the oxidation number or state of the element in the compound. Oxidation numbers are very useful in keeping track of what happens to electrons when various elements combine to form compounds. By remembering a few
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