The test showed that the two areas of the brain that were most affected in adolescents that drank were the hippocampus and the prefrontal area. The hippocampus controls learning memory and was at least 10 percent smaller in teenagers that had been drinking more and for much longer. The damage to the hippocampus caused decreased Verbal and non verbal information recall‚ memory‚ general information‚ vocabulary‚ and memory retrieval. The tests showed that adolescents
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functions. The neuro-imaging and post-mortem studies have indicated morphological changes shown by reductions in grey-matter volume and glial density in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus‚ which receive the most attention regarding depression. Studies also indicate that declines in the function of the hippocampus function could potentially be responsible for the hypercortisolemia seen in depression. Researchers also believe that the mesolimbic dopamine system that consists of the ventral tegmental
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astrocytes‚ oligodendrocytes and neurons [45]. NPCs are capable to divide only a limited number of times and differentiate into a specific type of neuronal cells [46]. The subgranular zone (SGZ)‚ locating between the granule cell layer and hilus of the hippocampus dentate gyrus‚ consists of several cell types‚ including NSCs‚ the most prominent one‚ and other cells such as astrocytes and endothelial cells. The NSCs in SGZ generate only one type of neurons‚ the granule cells‚ which are the primary excitatory
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Within the brain‚ the main structures that determine mood and behavior are the amygdala‚ the thalamus‚ and the hippocampus. The amygdala is associated with emotions such as anger‚ pleasure‚ sorrow‚ fear‚ and sexual arousal. The thalamus is the region of the brain responsible for speech‚ behavior and movement. The hippocampus helps internalize certain events and creates long-term memory. Recent evidence identifies certain alterations in these areas of the brain in people suffering from depression
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normal brainstem and a split –brain brainstem. Reason is because there is not physical cut done on the brainstem. 1B. The hippocampus is located in the limbic system structure. It is involved making‚ organizing and storing memories. There is no difference between a split-brain hippocampus and a normal brain hippocampus. The cut done on the corpus callosum will not affect the hippocampus because the cut would not be deep enough. 1C. The cerebral cortex of the normal brain is different from a split-brain
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Opening Notes: * Interest and research in the brain is at an all-time pace The cure for some common diseases such as Alzheimer’s‚ Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis has accelerated the efforts of many scientists * Many of the names for the parts of the brain have come from Latin and Greek words * The easiest way to learn about the brain is to look at it as three divisions; the hindbrain‚ the midbrain and the forebrain * Modern imaging has allowed us to study the brain and locate
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modified version of the Stroop task when compared to the comparison group. They also found that despite the lack of performance differences‚ the anterior cingulated cortex and the left lateral prefrontal cortex had hyperactivity in the hippocampus bilaterally‚ when compared to the comparison group. The results suggested that users display persistent metabolic alterations in brain regions responsible for executive cognitive functioning. (Eldreth‚ Matochik‚ Cadet‚ & Bolla 2004).
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Cerebrum The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain‚ and contains tools which are responsible for most of the brain’s function. It is divided into four sections: the temporal lobe‚ the occipital lobe‚ parietal lobe and frontal lobe. The cerebrum is divided into a right and left hemisphere which are connected by axons that relay messages from one to the other. This matter is made of nerve cells which carry signals between the organ and the nerve cells which run through the body. Frontal Lobe: The
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For example‚ parts of the frontal lobe deal with decision-making and problem-solving functions. Hippocampus is involved in short-term memory. The parietal cortex processes signals. These are facts that apply to all the brains of men and women. However‚ male and female brains also have differences. First of all‚ they have different sizes of structures. For instance‚ the parts of frontal lobe and hippocampus are larger in women. However‚ parietal cortex is larger in men. Secondly‚ males and females use
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Discuss the relationship between the cognitive and biological features of Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative condition which is associated with the progressive loss of neurons and nerve cells‚ this causes people to lose their cognitive abilities such as their memory and their personalities begin to change. This is due to the fact that the disease pervades most areas of the brain. However the developing pattern of damage varies for each individual meaning each person
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