MD‚ Barie MD‚ & Jurkovich MD‚ 2012‚ p. 494). Another element important to the glomerulus is the different membrane areas within‚ each are important to glomerular filtration. The epithelial layer made of podocyte cells lines the Bowman capsule that form slit pores to prevent red blood cells and proteins from entering the filtrate‚ and the mesangium layer which help regulate the amount of blood flow through the glomerulus with a muscle like contractibility (Grossman & Mattson-Porth‚ p. 1002). Glomerular
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The Excretory System • Main functions of the excretory system are: o to concentrate wastes and expel them from the body o to regulate fluids and water within the body • Most metabolic wastes and toxins are dissolved in the body’s internal environment‚ so the maintenance of the body fluids is essential for keeping the body free of waste products enabling it to function properly. Excretion in Invertebrates and Non-mammaliam Vertebrates • Single celled organisms and simple multicellular
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more‚ with or without kidney damage National Kidney Foundation‚ 2004 Renal Drug Clearance • Glomerular Filtration • Tubular Secretion • Tubular Re-absorption - 20-25% Cardiac output or 1.1L/min goes to kidneys - 10% of it is filtered at glomerulus - Normal GFR is 120 ml/min for a 70kg‚ 20 year old man Verbeeck RK‚ et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2009) 65:757–773 Effect of Renal Dysfunction on PK processes • Absorption - increased tmax for certain drugs in severe renal dysfunction -
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Pathogenesis of Glomerular Diseases PBL Resource Session Prof.J.Jose‚M.D. Diseases of kidney-classification Classified into those that affect the following 4 compartments: each one has distinct manifestations Glomeruli Tubules‚ Interstitium Blood vessels Disease of one compartment will eventually affect the entire structure. Clinical manifestations of renal diseases 1.Nephritic syndrome ("nephritis") Indicates acute inflammation of glomeruli hematuria
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The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body while also maintaining water and chemical balances. The main organs of the excretory system are the kidneys‚ the ureters‚ the bladder‚ the urethra‚ the skin‚ and the lungs. The main things that the body must excrete are nitrogen wastes and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen wastes are a byproduct of protein metabolism. Protein metabolism is the making of amino acids into proteins and the breaking-down of proteins into amino acids. Carbon dioxide
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Urinary SystemAnatomy and Physiology Zoe McCarthy 1 Urinary System in Context 2 Urinary System in Context System How does it do it? 3 Functions of the Urinary system • 1. Regulating blood volume and pressure • 2. Regulating plasma concentrations of sodium‚ potassium‚ chloride and other ions • 3. Stabilising blood pH • 4. Conserving nutrients • 5. Detoxifying poisons (with the liver) 4 Organisation of the Urinary System • • • • Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra 5 Position of
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Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey Second Edition CHAPTER 17 The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education‚ Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives • Identify the parts of the urinary system. • Explain general functions of the urinary system. • Explain the relationships of the urinary system to the endocrine & circulatory systems. • Describe the structure & function of the nephron Copyright ©2011 by Pearson
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Urinary Analysis Urinary Analysis 2013 Kita Jones A&P 314-01 4/26/2013 2013 Kita Jones A&P 314-01 4/26/2013 Abstract: The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume‚ plasma ionic concentrations‚ and osmolality. Three treatment groups were utilized: a Gatorade group‚ salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/l00 ml NaCl) group‚ and a group who only had water. In this experiment the class was able to observe and analyze the changes
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the blood‚ passing of urine‚ and different tubules (comprised of a dowman’s capsule and glomerulus). The renal corpuscle are made of partial cells‚ message cells‚ and podocytes. The various tubules are made of cuboidal epithelial cells and columnar (liveingstrong.com). Each kidney are made up of filtering units called nephrons that filter small amount of blood that work in a two part process. The glomerulus allows fluids and waste to pass through it‚ however‚ prevents large molecules‚ blood cells
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| |c. |reabsorbed in the tubules and secreted by tubule cells | |d. |secreted by tubule cells and not filtered through the glomerulus | |e. |reabsorbed in the tubules and not secreted by tubule cells | 2. The above table shows the results of an experiment
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