AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 11 1. Categorize chemical signals in terms of the proximity of the communicating cells. Local signaling – a. Paracrine signaling – a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator (a growth factor‚ for example) into the extracellular fluid. b. Synaptic signaling – a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse‚ stimulating the target cell. Long distance signaling- c. Hormonal signaling – specialized
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Determining Genotypic Frequencies for Alu Insertion Polymorphism at the PV92 Locus Introduction An Alu element is a short stretch of non-coding DNA found in primates. It gets its name from the single recognition site for the endonuclease Alu I‚ located near the middle of the Alu element. Alu elements are transposable DNA sequences that copy and insert themselves into new chromosome locations. They are regarded as “selfish DNA” because they do not encode protein and appear to only exist for their
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Biology Revision Notes Biochemical Tests: Proteins - add biurettes reagent to the sample. If protein is present‚ clear colour change from blue to purple. Reducing Sugars – add Benedict’s reagent to the sample. Heat in Bunsen or water bath. If reducing sugars are present‚ clear colour changes from blue -> orange red precipitate. Lipids – dissolve sample in ethanol. Slowly pour the solution into the water slowly. If lipids are present a white emulation forms on the surface. Starch – add iodine
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Module 11 A. Behavior Genetics Chromosomes containing DNA are situated in the nucleus of the cell Segments within DNA consist of genes that make proteins to determine our development Genome is the set of complete instructions for making an organism‚ containing all the genes in that organism. Thus‚ the human genome makes us human‚ and the genome for drosophila makes it a common housefly. Studying the effects of heredity and environment on two sets of twins‚ identical (monozygotic) and fraternal
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om June 2003 GCE A AND AS LEVEL MARK SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 40 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 9700/01 BIOLOGY Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) Page 1 Mark Scheme A/AS LEVEL EXAMINATIONS – JUNE 2003 Syllabus 9700 Paper 1 Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Key D A C C A C D A B A B C B C D A D A C C Question Number 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Key D B B A C C B B C D A C C D B B D B B C
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interprets the theory of unilineal evolution as a hierarchy of evolutionary development. This evolutionary hierarchy begins at the stage of “savagery” then progresses to the stage of “barbarism” and finishes progressing at the stage of “civilization”. (Theorists 23) The concept of an evolutionary hierarchy is similar to the “linear” progression model used by Edward Tylor and other social evolutionists. However‚ Morgan subdivided the evolutionary stages of savagery and barbarism into upper‚ middle‚ and
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What is evolutionary psychology? In the three and a half centuries since William Harvey proved that the purpose of the heart is to pump blood‚ physiologists have revealed the functional organization of the body in blinding detail. Their discoveries demonstrate beyond question that the structure of the body serves survival and reproduction. Further‚ there is near unanimity among biologists that this functional structure is a product of natural selection. In our century‚ psychologists have developed
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physiology‚ and psychology" written by Buss‚ Larsen‚ Western and Semmelroth (1992‚ as cited in Funder & Ozer‚ 1997‚ p. 211)‚ discuss that evolution is rooted in reproductive success of the various species. Therefore‚ the core content of studying evolutionary psychology includes researching sexual differences (Buss et al‚ 1992‚ as cited in Funder & Ozer‚ 1997‚ 211). There are benefits and costs or the adaptive problems to investing in offspring for both the males and females (Buss et al‚ 1992‚ as cited
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EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS Animal Aggression Lorenz- aggressive behaviour in animals have the following functions: • Selection of the fittest for survival • Aggression will protect the young animals for survival • Distribution of animal territories What are the criticisms of Lorenz? Human Aggression Benign Aggression and Malignant Aggression Nelson: the 3 basic factors affecting human aggression • Process of Learning: Social Learning theory-observation/imitation‚ Learning strategies
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Aggression and Violent Behavior 18 (2013) 605–610 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aggression and Violent Behavior Ethical‚ legal and social issues surrounding research on genetic contributions to anti-social behavior Colleen M. Berryessa‚ Nicole A. Martinez-Martin‚ Megan A. Allyse ⁎ Stanford University‚ Center for Biomedical Ethics‚ United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 26 March 2013 Received in revised form 27 June 2013
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