was to isolate the aromatic hydroxyl compound‚ eugenol from crushed cloves using steam distillation. After conducting the distillation‚ the expected two layers were not visible in the centrifuge tube. Subsequently‚ the extraction and evaporation did not produce the expected oil. This result is probably due to the collection of only water vapor during distillation. From another group’s data‚ 3.80% of the oil was recovered from the cloves in which the major component is eugenol. The IR spectrum obtained
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REFINING PETROLEUM The crude oil obtained from earth’s crust needs to be refined before using it. It is done by a method called fractional distillation which involves separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points. The refining is done by changing the liquid into its gaseous state and then cooling the gaseous mixture at controlled temperatures such that at a time only one of the vapours having boiling point I liquefies first. This is generally done by a special tower called
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS * System: Ethanol – water * Feed rate: 225kmol/h * Feed composition: 28 mol% ethanol * Feed condition: 50% saturated liquid & 50% saturated vapor * 97% of ethanol recovery is required * Operating pressure: 1bar * Distillate composition: 81 mol% ethanol * Column type: Sieve tray column * Operating condition: 70% of flooding Applying material balance to the rectifying section (Eqn 01); V=L+D Applying material balance for the more volatile
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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Principles of Distillation What is distillation? Simply‚ distillation is the process in which a liquid is vaporized (turned to steam)‚ recondensed (turned back into a liquid) and collected in a container. Nature uses a form of distillation to turn salt water (seawater) into fresh water (rain). Why do you use distillation to recycle waste solvents? Solvent-based waste contains volatile material (solvents) and non-volatile material (contaminants like paint‚ ink‚ grease‚ fiberglass‚ etc.). Many of the
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You’ll never look at a banana the same way again after discovering the many health benefits and reasons to add them to your diet. Bananas combat depression‚ make you smarter‚ cure hangovers‚ relieve morning sickness‚ protect against kidney cancer‚ diabetes‚ osteoporosis and blindness. They can cure the itch of a mosquito bite and put a great shine on your shoes. If you think bananas are just for monkeys‚ think again. 1. Bananas help overcome depression due high levels of tryptophan‚ which
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Week 11 Theme: Health What Are the Benefits of Eating Banana Peels? Bananas have been a highly cultivated fruit for thousands of years. Many species of primate consume the entire banana‚ peel and all‚ which may have led indigenous peoples to follow suit. Although not common practice in the West‚ peoples of Asian countries eat banana peels‚ but they are usually cooked in some capacity. They are not nearly as sweet as the flesh‚ but they are rich in some nutrients‚ especially potassium‚ and
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such as medical application‚ daily groceries carrying. Within the banana supply chain‚ plastic bags are utilized since the very in many stages for example at the packaging station‚ the bananas will be packed into cardboard boxes with an inlay of a plastic bag or at the wholesalers‚ three to five bananas will be wrapped in one plastic bag and the customer at the retailers will buy all those amounts. It is all known that after bananas are consumed‚ plastic bags will become wasted. There are already
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Isolation & Identification of the Major Constituent of Clove Oil with Steam Distillation The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to isolate and characterize clove oil in order to understand how to isolate organic compounds with high boiling points‚ how to perform and interpret qualitative tests for organic compound functionality‚ and to continue to learn how to perform and interpret IR spectrometry. Steam distillation was used in order to prevent the organic compound from decomposing
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Bananas are the fruit of a plant of the genus Musa‚ which are cultivated primarily for food‚ and secondarily for the production of fibers. It is alleged that there are almost 1000 varieties of bananas in the world‚ subdivided in 50 groups (Bora‚ 2007). The most generally known banana is the seedless Cavendish variety‚ which is the one produced for export markets and pronounced for consuming. The banana is the fruit of an herbaceous plant related to the orchid family and is most commonly found in
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