DISCIPLINE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY BY: xxxxxxx Introduction A drug is a substance that we used mostly in our daily lives. It is a chemical substance with physiological effects when ingested or introduced into our bodies. The response produce can either be beneficial or harmful. Toxins and poisons can be classified as drugs. This report the term ‘drug’ is for medicinal or pharmaceutical purposes. Drugs used to prevent or treat diseases. Drug design
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point was close to 100°C‚ the boiling point of water. A few milliliters of hot solution was removed from the flask with a disposable pipette and placed in a test tube. The test tube was set aside to cool and produce crystals. The color and melting point of the mini batch of crystals were used to assess the effectiveness of activated carbon treatment of the main batch to remove the colored impurities (vide infra). The temperature of the main batch of the reaction mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask
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LEARNING LOG 2: Observe‚ Connect and Reflect on Your Learning PART III – Symmetry in Crystals The most striking examples of symmetry…are crystals. Herman Weyl Period Focus Image Question Your Observations Complete at the end of Week 5 Image 5 Uvarovite is a gemstone rich in chromium. What are your main observations about uvarovite symmetry from studying the external form? (30 - 40 words) (2 marks) What is your personal favourite gemstone and what is its space group. (up to
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beaker that contained the filtrate and the filtrate was undisturbed until it had cooled to room temperature and when no more crystals had formed. 4. The beaker was placed in an ice-water bath for 10 minutes. 5. The crystals were collected by using a Hirsch funnel by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was then washed with 2 small portions of 0.5mL of cold water. The crystals were pressed dry as possible on the funnel with a spatula. 6. The melting point of recrystallized benzoic acid was determined
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States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically‚ the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available. This diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions
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TO QUESTIONS 1. How does the use of fluted filter paper hasten filtration? Why is it advisable to place a small piece of wire between the funnel and the mouth of the flask during hot filtration? Fluted filter paper is effective in preventing crystal formation in the filter paper. It is also often used in filtering hot saturated solution used during crystallization. One major advantage of a fluted filter is that it increases the speed of filtration. The crisscrossing of the folds help alleviate
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The term ’powder’ really means that the crytalline domains are randomly oriented in the sample. Therefore when the 2-D diffraction pattern is recorded‚ it shows concentric rings of scattering peaks corresponding to the various d spacings in the crystal lattice. The positions and the intensities of the peaks are used for identifying the underlying structure (or phase) of the material. For example‚ the diffraction lines of graphite would be different from diamond even though they both are made of
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Purpose: The purpose of our experiment was to determine the amount of water in copper sulfate pentahydrate expressed as a percent. Hypothesis: I think that bluestone crystals are 20% water‚ because it’s called pentahydrate (penta means five) and 1/5 of 100 (since it’s expressed as a percent) is 20‚ so I think bluestone crystals are 20% water. Procedure: The following list includes the materials and supplies we used in the experiment: 1) Crucible and Lid 2) Tongs 3) Alcohol Burner
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this to his famous DNA structure research. It is so valued because it allows the structure of a crystalline material can be determined‚ based on the diffraction of x-rays due to electron density within the crystal. The mystery of the arrangement of atoms can be solved when the electrons in the crystal‚ which has a particular‚ repeating arrangement of atoms‚ scatter a beam of x-rays. It can be applied to study many crystalline materials‚ from ionic molecules to biomolecules. The technique can also be
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free to move past each other but still held together. Lastly there a solids which are molecules formed in a rigid formation which have a very strong attraction with repeating crystals and can only move in vibrations. Glass is none of the above‚ it is rigid like a solid‚ but its molecules are not arranged with repeating crystals which makes it amorphous like a liquid. "If you could preserve a window long enough‚ it might become a rigid puddle on the floor" (Ediger:1999‚Discover Magazine) Glass can
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