A Woman’s Smile “Why Woman Smile” is a persuasive essay written by Amy Cunningham‚ an essay that explores the theme of gender differences in our society‚ specifically the difference between the frequency that women smile compared to men. She believes the frequency of a woman’s smile has more to do with the social pressure put on her to smile than it does her actual state of happiness. Cunningham uses historical‚ biological and cultural examples as evidence to support her opinion that these types
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Explain in details of how would you develop strategies to ensure team members have input into planning‚ decision making and operational aspects of work team. In order to increase the participation of their team members‚ managers need to focus on developing new strategies of working with people. They need to create structural flexibility which will enable employees to be more productive and participate within the team. In order to solve problems‚ to respond effectively to change‚ and‚ more
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skills‚ even when conditions are perfect. The best methods are therefore those that supply ’comprehensible input’ in low anxiety situations‚ containing messages that students really want to hear. These methods do not force early production in the second language‚ but allow students to produce when they are ’ready’‚ recognizing that improvement comes from supplying communicative and comprehensible input‚ and not from forcing and correcting production”. Krashen’s theory of second language
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really happen and yet there are many questions unsolved . This essay refers to two of the most important theories in this field‚ the Input Hypothesis by Krashen and the Comprehensible Output Hypothesis by Swain‚ their differences‚ similarities and their relation with other theories proposed. 1. Swains and his Comprehensible Output Theory state that acquisition is a phenomenon that occurs when the learner tries to transmit a message and fails (encounters a gap between he knows
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listening skills‚ even when conditions are perfect. The best methods are therefore those that supply ’comprehensible input’ in low anxiety situations‚ containing messages that students really want to hear. These methods do not force early production in the second language‚ but allow students to produce when they are ’ready’‚ recognizing that improvement comes from supplying communicative and comprehensible input‚ and not from forcing and correcting production." (6-7) Summary of Part I. Introduction: The
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of comprehensible inputs of Stephen Krushen and Operant Conditioning of B.F. Skinner. Comprehensible Inputs help the researcher to classify the level of Secondary Freshmen and classify what skills they are found weak and strong. Operant Conditioning also helps the researcher to know the effect of the unconditioned behavior of the student in learning reading skills in the application level. These theories will help the researcher to come up to his theses title “Comprehensible Inputs
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The Interaction Hypothesis (IH) is attributed to Michael Long (1981) is based primarily on the work of Stephen Krashen and Evelyn Hatch. Long emphasized the importance of comprehensible input that was central to Krashen’s Input Hypothesis but claimed that this input was most likely to be acquired during interactions which involved discourse modifications. This claim supported that of Hatch (1978) who showed a direct link between the way learners acquired a second language (l2) and the interactions
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producing the target language may be the trigger that forces the learner to pay attention to the means of expression needed in order to successfully convey his or her own intended meaning. (Swain 1985: 249) In Swain’s view‚ learners need not only input‚ but output: they need to use language in order to learn it. Krashen‚ however‚ as recently as 2009‚ stated that: Research done over the last three decades has shown that we acquire language by understanding what we hear and read
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producing the target language may be the trigger that forces the learner to pay attention to the means of expression needed in order to successfully convey his or her own intended meaning. (Swain 1985: 249) In Swain’s view‚ learners need not only input‚ but output: they need to use language in order to learn it. Krashen‚ however‚ as recently as 2009‚ stated that: Research done over the last three decades has shown that we acquire language by understanding what we hear and read. The ability to
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............................................................................. 5 COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT .......................................................................... 7 A Brief History of Linguistic Theory ..................................................... 7 Listening ................................................................................................. 8 Gaining Access to Comprehensible Input ............................................ 9 Strategies ......................
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