Chapter 13‚ “Chemical Reactions”‚ was also of great interest to me. “A change that alters the chemical composition of a substance and hence forms one or more new substances is called a chemical change‚ or more often‚ a chemical reaction (James T. Shipman 342).” In this summary paper‚ I will discuss some of the highlights of the chapter. An awesome example of a chemical reaction is that of photosynthesis‚ found in green plants. In photosynthesis‚ plants absorb carbon dioxide gas from the air
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came into light. Sludge started to grow in the waste treatment facility so the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality and Engineering became involved. The cause of the sludge was because of high PH levels‚ which lowered the Biochemical Oxygen Demand‚ which kills the bacteria that are suppose to help treat the water. When this was discovered Ocean Spray invited specialists to investigate‚ providing the Ocean Spray technical staff and lawyers. The Department of Environmental Quality and Engineering
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Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Such chemicals are also liable to be broken down using strong oxidizing agents and these chemical reactions create what is measured in the laboratory as the Chemical oxygen demand (COD). Both the BOD and COD tests are a measure of the relative oxygen-depletion effect of a waste contaminant. Both have been widely adopted as a measure of pollution effect. The BOD test measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable pollutants whereas the COD test measures the oxygen demand of oxidizable
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Characteristics: Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms living in a body of water to break down organic material in a given sample over prescribed conditions. It is a widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water. The BOD value is most commonly expressed in ppm (parts per million) and is often used as a robust surrogate of the degree of organic pollution of water.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is very similar
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soaked in an improvised retting tank containing urea solutions at 1 and 2% concentrations and control (without urea). The properties of retting liquor were assessed at two days interval. Fibres retted in each treatment were subjected to physical‚ chemical and mechanical analyses. The results showed that the alpha-cellulose content of kenaf fibres for the four varieties ranged from 59.91-¬ 60.410% for Control; 60.38
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than half of the water will ends up as POME. POME has a very high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)‚ which is hundred times more than municipal sewage. The raw or partially treated of POME has an extremely high content of degradable organic matter. As no chemical were added during the oil extraction process‚ it is identified as a major source of aquatic pollution by depleting dissolved oxygen when discharge untreated into the water bodies even if its major behavior is
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1.1. Introduction The study describes and analyses the relationship between the production of waste in animal product processing industries on the one hand and the prevention and treatment of the waste on the other. The industries discussed are slaughterhouses‚ tanneries and the dairy industry. The report offers a summary of the knowledge on production‚ prevention and treatment of waste in these three animal products processing industries. Because of the limited time available for this study‚ the
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Generally‚ Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) which can pollute the environment ecosystem if it is not treated properly. The characteristics of fresh POME are that it is highly viscous liquid‚ brownish in colour and discharged at a temperature of 80-90oC. Moreover‚ POME is extremely poisonous with a very low pH between 3.5 and 4.2‚ high chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD: 16-100 g/L‚ BOD5‚ 30oC: 10-44g/L)‚ high suspended
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THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Department of Biological Sciences Level Six Examination May/June 2012 Freshwater Fisheries and Conservation Wednesday 30th May 2012‚ 1.30 – 3.30 p.m. 2 hours Answer THREE questions Use a separate book for each answer Use diagrams where appropriate Where shown the % indicates the mark distribution within a question Do not open or turn over this exam paper‚ or start to write anything until told to by the Invigilator. Starting to write before permitted to do so may be
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Oxygen Oxygen and its compounds play a key role in many of the important processes of life and industry. Oxygen in the biosphere is essential in the processes of respiration and metabolism‚ the means by which animals derive the energy needed to sustain life. Furthermore‚ oxygen is the most abundant element at the surface of the Earth. In combined form it is found in ores‚ earths‚ rocks‚ and gemstones‚ as well as in all living organisms. Oxygen is a gaseous chemical element in Group VA of the periodic
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