To follow the approach of semi-custom‚ designer need a characterized library of standard cells e.g. logic gates‚ data buses‚ sequential building blocks like F/F’s etc. That’s why‚ many companies & fabrication plants provide std. cell library with the data sheets containing information about timing‚ area & power parameters. Overview: - In this report‚ I will discuss the requirement of std. cells & basic flow for their characterization. The topics of discussion are given below: 
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Stem cells are an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type‚ and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation. The body is not able to produce new neurons to repair spinal cords injuries‚ such as those that cause paralysis. Because of this‚ there is no way for doctors to restore movement to paralyzed people. Stem cells may be the perfect solution to that problem. Researchers have found that implants
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plasma membrane ( Lacerda L.2011) Allowing some molecules enter and exit the cell membrane‚ to create a balance in concentration inside and outside of the cell‚ by doing so the cell often become hypotonic‚ where the concentration outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell‚ therefore causing the swelling of that cell. When cell was placed the the deionized water environment‚ hypothesis was made that the cell will become hypotonic and swell up as the time increased. “Diffusion
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Osmosis of a Potato cell. Hypothesis is that the potato in saltwater is going to show that it will break down the cells of the potato. Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane‚ from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution with high solute concentration‚ up a solute concentration gradient. Net movement of solvent is from the less-concentrated to the more-concentreated.‚ which tends to redure the difference in concentrations. This effect can be countered
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pluripotent stem (IPS) cells differ from those currently in place for human embryonic stem (ES) cells. An IPS cell is created artificially from skin‚ fat and fibroblasts by reprogramming patient ’s own cells. Scientists believe IPS cells to be a promising source for treating diseases. An ES cell is created by destroying an embryo. Other scientists think ES cells will also be a promising source because it is composed of your own DNA‚ so the immune system won ’t reject the cell. While scientists would
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require more efficient sources of power. At the forefront of research for these power sources are hydrogen fuel cells. This power source takes in the most abundant element in the universe‚ Hydrogen‚ and yields immense power without combustion or pollution. The three aspects of this scientific breakthrough are the fuel cells‚ hydrogen production‚ and hydrogen storage. Fuel cells are the devices with which Hydrogen is made into electricity. These use a technology much similar to that of something
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Chemistry Investigation Folio: Practical – Galvanic Cell Name: YY Names of Partner: ZZ Part A Investigation Design Proposal: Purpose of Experiment: To determine the effect of concentration of reactants on the current produced by a galvanic cell. Hypothesis: The greater the concentration of solution in the two half cells reacting with the two metals to produce current‚ the greater the flow of current will be produced from the galvanic cell. Independent Variable: Concentration of both reactants
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discovered the endless possibilities of the so called embryonic stem cells. It has been said that these cells have the ability to repair an entire tissue or even create a copy of it. It is also said to be a potential cure for innumerable serious diseases such as the Alzheimer and the Parkinson’s disease. This is why stem cell research should definitely be funded for the enormous impact it can make in the medical field. Stem cell research is perhaps one of the most controversial topics in modern day
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Animal and Plant cells consist of most of the same cell types‚ but the whole shape of the cell is quite different. An animal cell is a round‚ uneven shape‚ whereas the Plant cell has an affixed shape. They have a more of a rectangular shape. Chloroplast‚ Vacuole and the Cell wall are only found in Plant cells. The Chloroplast is the organelle for the whole system of Photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are found in mesophyll cells (which are found in the leaves) of green plants. They convert light into
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“The cells in your body are tiny-a row of about forty would fit into 1mm. But although they are too small to see with the naked eye their complexity is remarkable. A single cell can be thought of as an organised chemical system‚ separated from its disorganised surroundings by a membrane” (Boyle et al 1999) First here is a brief summary of major eukaryotic organelles and their structures. The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in the cell. It is usually spherical and about 10um in
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