Introduction: Dealing with chemicals is an essential part of a chemical engineer’s job. It is therefore crucial to be able to accurately identify the composition of a chemical to be able to work with it. Indeed‚ different species have different physical and chemical properties which dictate their uses and applications. Furthermore‚ this kind of analysis is important in quality control since the detection of unwanted chemicals may lead to the rejection of a product for example. In addition to qualitative
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Using orange (Citrus sinensis) as an airfreshener Review of related literature: Octyl acetate Octyl acetate‚ or octyl ethanoate‚ is an ester that is formed from octanol (octyl alcohol) and acetic acid. It is mostly found in oranges and other citrus products. Octyl acetate can be synthesized by a condensation reaction: C8H17OH + CH3COOH → C10H20O2 + H2O Uses Because of its fruity odor‚ octyl acetate is used as the basis for artificial flavors and in perfumery. It is also as a solvent for
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David Kennedy CHE 235 Lab 10/30/14 Scale-up Synthesis and Characterization of Butyl 2-Cyano-3-(3‚5-dichloro-phenyl)-2-propenoate‚ TSE Project #131 Introduction: This report describes the steps taken to create the scale-up of targeted trisubstituted ethylene‚ Butyl 2-Cyano-3-(3‚5-dichloro-phenyl)-2-propenoate compound (#131)‚ and also the characterization methods deployed to the results. This report serves as a critical step in the overall objective of the project; the synthesis of the copolymer
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Carbon and Its Compounds Carbon: Introduction Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2‚ 4. Valence electrons: 4 Property: Non-metal Abundance:- Carbon is the 4th most abundant substance in universe and 15th most abundant substance in the earth’s crust. Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously‚ carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon:- The Covalent
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water test showed that the sample‚ benzyl alcohol was immiscible while ethanol was the most miscible from all the other compounds used. While in Lucas Test which was used to differentiated the primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols had turned tert-butyl alcohol into a cloudy solution afterwards. In Chromic Acid Test which was a test for oxidizable compounds or any compounds that possess reducing property would yield to a blue green solution if it reacted positively. This was seen in all the sample
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Benzoic acid + NH3 - red litmus paper turned blue Benzoic acid + NH3+ FeCl3 - orange precipitate/ flesh-colored precipitate formed Formation of Esters a. From Carboxylic acids Acetic acid + ethanol + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell b. From Acyl Halides Ethanol + H2O + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell Hydroxamic acid test for the Ester group Ethyl acetate in ether + NH2OH.HCl + KOH heat effervescence + alcoholic HCl + FeCl3 – red colored solution Hydrolysis of acid derivatives
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its major application is for cellulose acetate‚ a synthetic textile. Acetic anhydride is also a reagent for the production of heroin. Ester production Acetic acid can be used for synthesis of various esters like ethyl acetate‚ propyl acetate‚ n-butyl acetate‚ isobutyl acetate etc. These esters are commonly used as solvents for inks‚ paints and coatings. The esters are produced by acid catalyzed reaction of acetic acid with the corresponding
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www.igcse.at.ua ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OIL and its many useful PRODUCTS The origin of oil Crude oil is formed from organic material of the remains of plant and animal organisms that lived millions of years ago. These remains form sediments eg at the bottom of seas‚ and become buried under layers of sedimentary rock. They decay‚ without air (oxygen)‚ under the action of heat and pressure to form crude oil over millions of years. It is a fossil fuel because it is formed from
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| n = 10 | dec | n = 4 | but | | | | | | | Hydrocarbon Suffixes Hydrocarbon Suffix Alkane ane Alkene ene Alkyne yne Common alkyl substituents CH3- methyl CH3CH2- ethyl CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl Branched chains Example 1 : Rule 1. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms SIX = hexane root Rule 2. Number the chain beginning at the end of the chain nearest any branching Substituent is at 2 position
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In the IUPAC system of nomenclature‚ functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways. The presence of the function may be indicated by a characteristic suffix and a location number. This is common for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the respective suffixes ene and yne. Halogens‚ on the other hand‚ do not have a suffix and are named as substituents‚ for example: (CH3)2C=CHCHClCH3 is 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-pentene. If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature
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