Mad Cow Disease. It was first identified in 1986 with possible cases in the 1970’s when Scrapie infected sheep were fed to cattle in the form of meat and bone meal. Scrapie was the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. The feed evolved to bovine meat and bone meal and was fed to young calves. The largest outbreak in the United Kingdom took place in 1995 with 14‚562 cases. In 2010‚ there were 11 reported cases. (Beef Checkoff‚
Premium Protein Protein folding Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
acid are examples). Opposite attract. Little stronger than hydrogen bond but weaker than the bond between polypeptides 4) Disulfide bond: Only occurs between 2 cysteine amino acids. Forms sulfur sulfur link (disulfide like). Strong interaction. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy protein misfolding ● ● ● ● Better known as Mad Cow Disease Cause by an abnormal form of prions which are proteins Slowly progressive disease that affects a cow’s central nervous system Cattle are infected by eating food
Premium Amino acid Protein Protein folding
disease found in humans includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)‚ Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)‚ Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome‚ Fatal Familial insomnia‚ and Kuru. Besides human prions disease is also prevalent in animals causing Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSC) also known as mad cow disease‚ Chronic Wasting Disease‚ Scrapie‚ Transmissible mink encephalophathy‚ Feline spongiform encephalophathy. The new human prion disease vCJD was first reported in United Kingdom in 1996 and
Premium Prion Immune system Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
made of protein. This pathogen called a "prion " are thought to transform other protein molecules into deadly ones by changing the shape of the healthy molecules to the dangerous conformation. Prions are what link CJD disease and BSE disease. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy‚ also know as "mad cow disease‚" is believe to be caused by prions‚ which is believed to cause CJD disease in humans. Creutzfeldt-jakob disease can acquired in three ways. First‚ The disease can occur sporadically‚ this
Premium Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Prion
Review Questions 1. What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy? Why is there concern about this disease? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy‚ more commonly known as mad cow disease‚ is a fatal neurodegenerative disease‚ which causes a spongy type of degeneration in the spinal cord and brain of infected cattle. 2. What is colic? Describe at least two different types of colic. Colic simply means a pain in the stomach. Horses can experience several different types of colic‚ ranging from relatively
Premium Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Disease Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
a company’s market plan. Political factors that effect marketing can be overt and covert. Trade restrictions are overt examples of how the political environment affects a marketing plan. The recent discovery of a few cows that tested positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy‚ mad cow disease‚ resulted the ban of beef imports to several European and Asian countries. (CNN.com [CNN]‚ 2003‚ 1) Political factors may not be so
Premium Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Marketing Environment
immunoreactivity of the PrP protein when precipitated with a PrP-specific antibody. The authors further showed that the likely agent causing this degradation was a serine-protease. Variant CJD (vCJD) – In the UK‚ in 1996‚ vCJD was described‚ caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) found in cattle. It was thought to be transmitted to humans through the consumption of affected meat. The mean age of presentation is approximately 19-37 years‚ normally showing a longer duration of illness than
Premium Prion Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Infectious disease
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is commonly known as mad cow disease. This is a neurodegenerative disease that causes spongy deterioration of the brain and spinal cord in cattle. The neurodegeneration is slow‚ progressive and fatal. The ultimate fate of a cow infected with this disease is most likely death. This disease is easily transmitted and is spread through ingesting an infected cow’s nervous tissue. When cows are slaughtered portions of the meat are used for either people food or for
Premium Protein folding Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Prion
for animals include chronic wasting disease (CWS)‚ scrapie‚ feline spongiform encephalopathy‚ and the most commonly known bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Chronic wasting disease is found in deer and elk. It is contagious and found in various states. Feline spongiform encephalopathy is found in cats. This disease has the same characteristics as the scrapie disease. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is also known as mad cow disease. The cause to mad cow disease is still unknown‚ but it is expected
Premium Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Prion Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Research Service‚ 2005). Prior to 2004 the U.S. beef industry had averaged 2.5 billion pounds of beef in exports but one determinant caused the number to drop significantly to 551 million pounds in 2004. In November 2003‚ prior to the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE and the subsequent announcement by the Department of Agriculture‚ the average monthly price of American choice beef was $4.32/pound (USDA‚ 2005) One strategy used by beef producers to counter decreasing demand is price
Premium Beef Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Meat