occur deep at the site of the procedure‚ can carry mortality as high as 77%. As illustrated below there are several key steps or “chains” that have to be connected to result in infection. However‚ for SSIs‚ the initial introduction of microbial pathogens occurs most often during the surgical procedure performed in the Operating Theatre (OT). Fig. 8: Transmission cycle in OT Susceptible Hosts Clients Service providers Ancillary Staff Community members Reservoirs People Water and solutions
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THE SEARCH FOR BETTER HEALTH 1.What is a healthy organism? Discuss the difficulties in defining the terms ‘health’ and ‘disease’ * Health – state of physical‚ mental and social wellbeing. It is not just absence of disease * disease – any condition which effects the functioning of any part of a living organism * difficulties in defining health and disease; * health 1) the definition of health varies with age eg stiffness in the joints is probably more common in a 90yo
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Unit 22 ICO2 Causes and Spread of infection Introduction The aim of this workbook is to allow you to present evidence for the criteria listed below. Your assessor will ask you to consider your job role and experience in your workplace to answer the questions contained within this assignment. Your assessor will assess your answers and provide you with feedback. Unit Summary This unit is aimed at those who work in health or social care settings or with children or young people in a wide range
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I. Occupational Health and Safety System OHSMS is a combination of the planning and review‚ the management organisational arrangements‚ the consultative arrangements‚ and the specific program elements that work together in an integrated way to improve health and safety performance. (Gallagher‚ 2000). Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) is a coordinated and systematic approach to managing health and safety risks. OHSMS provides a system for organizations to
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to recognize pathogens.(Microbilogy‚7th edition by JACQUELYN G. BLACK) Innate immunity‚the body’s built-in ability to regonize and destroy pathogens or their products.Innate immunity is largelly a function of phagocytes‚cells that can engulf‚kill and digest most pathogens.Innate responses recognize a variety of common structural features found on foregion molecules and pathogens‚and nearlly all phagocytes have the ability to interact with most pathogens.Interaction in pathogens stimulate large
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reservoirs of infection for human diseases; these include human reservoirs‚ animal reservoirs and non-living reservoirs. Human reservoirs are people that are infected with disease and may pass their infection on to other people by transmitting their pathogens‚ spreading the disease. Humans can transmit diseases by: ¥ Horizontal transmission: From one person to another person‚
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Chapter 22: Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) Feces are composed about 50% by weight and volume of bacteria. Most of these are species of ________. a) Salmonella b) Escherichia c) Bacteroides d) Streptococcus Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 22.1 Review the anatomy of the digestive tract as it pertains to microbial defenses. Section Reference 1: Section 22.1 Components of the Digestive system 2) Streptococcus form ________ ‚ polysaccharides
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Exam 2 Study Guide w/ Chapters 15‚ 16‚ 17 1) Innate Immunity (p.446): A defenses against pathogens that is present at birth. Two major lines of defense; 1. Physical : Skin (epidermis + dermis) and mucous membranes 2. Internal: Cell and chemicals that inactivate or kill invaders Adaptive immunity (p.446): The body’s ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products. 2) Five attributes of adaptive immunity (p.471) 1. Specificity: When the immune response acts
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recognize pathogens: * Has unique receptor proteins all over the surface of its cell membrane * These receptor proteins recognize and bind to antigens that match their three-dimensional shape * All of the receptors on an individual lymphocyte are the same shape or type and thus bind to the same type of antigens. * Body makes a lot of different lymphocytes‚ with different receptors. * Antigen: any substance that the immune system can recognize and react with. -pathogens or -parts
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white blood cells. Phagocytes are found in the blood and ingest pathogens. One is called Macrophage. They change their cellular shape to surround an invader and take it through the process of phagocytosis. It recognizes if the cell is ‘self’ or ‘not self’‚ by the protein make-up of the cell. The ‘not self’ cells are engulfed and then the enzymes within the phagocytes called lysosomes then digest the pathogens. Phagocytes can ingest pathogens in the blood but also within body tissue as they can pass through
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