Valuation of Common Stock Ashok Banerjee Common (Equity) Stocks • Because common stock never matures‚ today’s value is the present value of an infinite stream of cash flows (i.e.‚ dividend). • But dividends are not fixed. • Not knowing the amount of the dividends—or even if there will be future dividends— makes it difficult to determine the value of common stock. • So what are we to do? Valuation Models • Dividend Valuation Model (DVM): – Constant dividend: Let D be the constant DPS: The required
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project likely to cost) Since EAC predicts how much money you’ll spend‚ if you subtract the AC‚ you’ll find out how much money the rest of the project will end up costing. VAC = BAC –EAC €10‚ 000 – €11‚ 507 = €1‚ 507 (extra money required) If you end up spending more than your budget‚ the VAC will be negative… just like CV and SV! Finding missing information Let’s say you’re given... … the CPI and Earned Value‚ and you want to figure out the actual costs. Why would you ever
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Intermediate Acct410B Research Paper Common and Preferred Stock How do Corporations raise capital? All of the large corporations could not have grown to their present size without being able to find innovative ways to raise capital to finance ultimate expansion. There are many ways this can be accomplished‚ but this review will take a look at just two ways: the issuance of Preferred Stock and selling of Common Stock. What exactly is a stock‚ anyway? Basically‚ stock is ownership‚ simple as that.
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PREFERRED STOCK VERSUS COMMON STOCK The primary advantage to an investor of holding preferred stock compared with common stock is that the preferred stock return is somewhat more predictable (more certain). The issuing company will generally make a real effort to try to avoid defaulting on the preferred stock dividend. Since the return to preferred stock is reasonably well defined and since the preferred stockholders precede the common stockholders (the preferred dividends are paid before the
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Cost Control of Projects: An Introduction to Earned Value Analysis Abstract Earned value analysis is a method of performance measurement. Many project managers manage their project performance by comparing planned to actual results. With this method‚ one could easily be on time but overspend according to the plan. A better method is earned value because it integrates cost‚ schedule and scope and can be used to forecast future performance and project completion dates. It is an “early warning”
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WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL FOR DELL COMPUTER 1) From the SEC website‚ the balance sheet of Dell Computer reveals a Book value of debt = $3‚394‚000‚000 and Book value of equity = $4‚625‚000‚000 The same balance shows the breakdown of the long-term debt (book values) in table 1. Table 1 Coupon Rate (%) Maturity Book Value (Face Value in million $) 3.38 06/15/2012 400 4.70 04/15/2013 599 5.63 04/15/2014 500 5.65 04/15/2018 499 5.88 06/15/2019 600 7.10 04/15/2028 396 6
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overall value of the firm‚ it should use debt to finance the $100 million purchase. Since interest payments are tax deductible‚ debt in the firm’s capital structure will decrease the firm’s taxable income‚ creating a tax shield that will increase the overall value of the firm. 2. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm with 15 million shares of common stock outstanding‚ worth $32.50 per share‚ the market value of the firm is: Market value of equity = $32.50(15‚000‚000) Market value of equity
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Solutions to Chapter 12 The Cost of Capital 1. The yield to maturity for the bonds (since maturity is now 19 years) is the interest rate (r) that is the solution to the following equation: [$80 annuity factor(r‚ 19 years)] + [$1‚000/(1 + r)19] = $1‚050 Using a financial calculator‚ enter: n = 19‚ FV = 1000‚ PV = (-)1050‚ PMT = 90‚ and then compute i = 7.50% Therefore‚ the after-tax cost of debt is: 7.50% (1 – 0.35) = 4.88% 2. r = DIV/P0 = $4/$40 = 0.10 = 10% 3. = [0.3 7.50% (1
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LECTURE 10 COST OF CAPITAL CLASS QUESTIONS 1. Roland Corporation’s last dividend (D0)‚ which was paid yesterday‚ was $2.50. The firm has a constant growth of 18.8%. The firm’s beta coefficient is 1.2. The required return on an average stock in the market is 13 percent‚ and the risk-free rate is 7 percent. Roland’s A-rated bonds are yielding 10 percent‚ its risk premium is 4% and its current stock price is $30. Which of the following values is the most reasonable estimate of Roland’s cost of retained
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Case Study of Cost of Capital at Ameritrade 1-a How can the CAPM be used to estimate the cost of capital for a real business investment decision? CAPM results can be compared to the best expected rate of return that investor can possibly earn in other investments with similar risks‚ which is the cost of capital. Under the CAPM‚ the market portfolio is a well-diversified‚ efficient portfolio representing the non-diversifiable risk in the economy. Therefore‚ investments have similar risk if they
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