geographically separate areas of Jordan‚ Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were rapidly killed. Over the 3-week incubation period‚ the number of specific types of antibiotic-producing bacteria increased‚ and high antimicrobial activity (MIC‚ ∼10 μg/ml) was observed in methanol extracts of the inoculated red soils. Antibiotic-producing microorganisms whose numbers increased during incubation included actinomycetes‚ Lysobacter spp.‚ and Bacillus spp. The actinomycetes produced actinomycin C2 and
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Antibiotics are medications that either kill bacteria or prevent them from spreading. They work only against bacteria‚ not the viruses that cause the majority of sore throats‚ colds‚ sinus infections‚ and bronchitis. Most of the infectious diseases are caused by bacteria. Antibiotics transformed medicine. There are two segments of antibiotics‚ early history and modern history. Antibiotics can be defined as a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of
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The Effect of Acetyltransferases on 2 different strains of E. coli Introduction Scientists have recently discovered that resistance to antibiotics may not be such a new thing. Evidence of bacteria samples in Canadian permafrost proposes that these resistances have been around for at least 30‚000 years (Luiggi 2011). In our required pre-lab reading‚ we learned tuberculosis is becoming increasingly drug-resistant‚ giving proof that bacteria can adapt to necessary changes in order to survive (Barry
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broad and narrow spectrum antimicrobials? What are the pros and cons of each? Broad spectrum antibiotics work against many types of organisms such as gram positives‚ gram negatives and anaerobes. The great thing about this is that these are prescribed empirically so that all potential bacteria are covered until the culture results return. The problem with the misuse of broad spectrums is the resistance it can cause. The good thing about the narrow spectrum is that it covers for the specific organism
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Until the discovery and availability of antimicrobials in the 1940s‚ people died needlessly from infectious diseases. Today‚ none of us can imagine living in a world without antimicrobials. What is antimicrobial resistance? Antimicrobial resistance – also known as drug resistance – occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective. When the microorganisms become resistant to most
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pathogen that causes many types of severe diseases. Most commonly it causes skin infections‚ respiratory tract infections‚ and food poisoning. In the 1940s‚ when the antibiotic medications such as penicillin was discovered and introduced‚ it became a primary treatment for S. aureus infections. However‚ misusing and overusing the use of antibiotics caused the evolution of these bacteria to become resistant to drugs that were designed to combat these infections. Throughout 1950s‚ S. aureus became resistant
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of this industry has caused environmental hazards from antibiotics and pesticides‚ and these chemicals are mainly used to protect the shrimps from diseases and maintain the water quality (Cole‚ 2009 and Graslund‚ 2001).These chemicals can be toxic or mutagenic on the wild flora and fauna‚ and antibiotics can cause resistance and changing the micro-organism composition in the aquatic environment (Graslund‚ 2001). Oxytetracycline‚ an antibiotic‚ is widely used by farmers; however‚ studies have shown
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Prevalence of Shigella Species and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Patients Visiting Kenyatta University Health Unit Authors: Anthony Kebira Nyamache1 and Collins Otieno Ogari1 Collins Ogari1 Email: Collins58@yahoo.com Corresponding author Dr. Anthony Kebira Nyamache akibera2000@yahoo.com or akibera2000@gmail.com 1 Department of Microbiology‚ School of Pure and Applied Sciences‚ Kenyatta University‚ P.O. Box 43844 (00100)‚ Nairobi‚ Kenya. Abstract Background: Shigellosis is a major
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consists of a large domain of prokaryotic microorganism in which can fight of antibiotics allowing the bacteria to become antibiotic resistant. In this lab report‚ we discover the most effective disinfectant that would work best in killing the harmful bacterial strain‚ Bacillus subtilis. KB testing or disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing is measured through the diameter in millimeters to find how resistant the antibiotic to the bacteria. The hypothesis of Windex fell correctly with my results
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by many other nosocomial bacteria‚ are becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing antibiotic resistance. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa can be deadly for patients in critical care. An estimated 51‚000 healthcare-associated P. aeruginosa infections occur in the United States
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